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  • B2: Worked examples for shares and units

    Attention

    Warning:

    This information may not apply to the current year. Check the content carefully to ensure it is applicable to your circumstances.

    End of attention

    The following examples show how CGT works in various situations where people have bought and sold shares and units. They may help you meet your CGT obligations and complete item 18 on your tax return (supplementary section).

    Example 12: Sonya has a capital gain from one parcel of shares that she bought and sold less than 12 months later.

    Sonya bought 1,000 shares in Tulip Ltd for $1,500 including brokerage and sold them less than 12 months later for $2,350. She paid $50 brokerage on the sale. The sale is a CGT event.

    As Sonya bought and sold the shares within 12 months, she uses the 'other' method to calculate her capital gain - she cannot use the indexation or discount method. Her capital gain is:

    $2,350 - ($1,500 + $50) = $800.

    As she has no other CGT event and does not have any capital losses, Sonya completes item 18 on her tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Sonya's tax return, showing Net capital gain (A) 800 and Total current year capital gains (H) 800.

    Example 13: Andrew has a capital gain from the sale of units which he bought before 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and gave to his brother more than 12 months later.

    In May 1999, Andrew bought 1,200 units in Share Trust for $1,275 including brokerage. He gave the units to his brother more than 12 months later. At that time they were worth $1,595.

    The gift is a CGT event. As Andrew bought the units before 21 September 1999 and he owned them for more than 12 months, he can use the indexation or discount method to calculate his capital gain, whichever method gives him the better result.

    Indexation method

    If Andrew calculates his capital gain or capital loss using the indexation method, he indexes the cost of his units and the incidental costs of buying them as follows:

    CPI for September 1999 quarter
    CPI for June 1999 quarter

    =

    123.4
    122.3

    =

    1.009

    His indexed cost base is worked out as follows:

    His cost ($1,275) x 1.009 = $1,286

    So his capital gain is:

    Capital proceeds

    $1,595

    less

    Indexed cost base

    $1,286

    Capital gain

    $309

    Discount method

    If Andrew uses the discount method, his capital gain is calculated as:

    Capital proceeds

    $1,595

    less

     

    Cost base

    $1,275

    Total capital gain

    $320

    less CGT discount*

    $160

    Capital gain

    $160

    * Andrew does not have any capital losses. If he did, he would deduct any capital losses before apply the CGT discount.

    Andrew chooses the discount method because it gives him a smaller capital gain.

    As he has no other CGT event and does not have any capital losses, Andrew completes item 18 on his tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Andrew's return showing Net capital gain (A) 160 and Total current year capital gains (H) 320.

    Attention

    Note

    If Andrew had received a non-assessable payment from the fund, his cost base may have been reduced and the capital gain may have been greater. For more information, see chapter C2.

    End of attention

    Example 14: Fatima has a capital gain from one parcel of shares which she was given before 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and sold more than 12 months later.

    In October 1986, Fatima was given 500 shares in FJM Ltd with a market value of $2,500. She sold the shares last March for $4,500.

    The sale is a CGT event. As Fatima acquired the shares before 21 September 1999 and owned them for more than 12 months, she can use the indexation or discount method to calculate her capital gain, whichever method gives her the better result.

    Indexation method

    If Fatima calculates her capital gain using the indexation method, the indexation factor is:

    CPI for September 1999 quarter
    CPI for December 1986 quarter

    =

    123.4
    79.8

    =

    1.546

    Her indexed cost base is:

    ($2,500) x 1.546 = $3,865.00

    So her capital gain is calculated as follows:

    Capital proceeds

    $4,500

    less

    Indexed cost base

    $3,865

    Capital gain

    $635

    Discount method

    If Fatima uses the discount method, her capital gain is calculated as:

    Capital proceeds

    $4,500

    less

     

    Cost base

    $2,500

    Total capital gain

    $2,000

    less CGT discount*

    $1,000

    Capital gain

    $1,000

    * Fatima does not have any capital losses. If she did, she would deduct any capital losses before applying the CGT discount.

    Fatima chooses the indexation method because it gives her a smaller capital gain.

    As she has no other CGT event and does not have any capital losses, Fatima completes item 18 on her tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Fatima's return showing Net capital gain (A) 635 and Total current year capital gains (H) 635.

    Example 15: Colin has a capital gain from some units he bought after 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and redeemed less than 12 months later.

    Colin bought 500 units in Equity Trust for $3,500 in October and redeemed them less than 12 months later in June for $5,000 by switching, or transferring, his units from a share fund to a property fund. The redeeming of units is a CGT event.

    As Colin owned the units for less than 12 months, he calculates his capital gain using the 'other' method. Colin's capital gain is:

    Capital proceeds

    $5,000

    less

    Cost base

    $3,500

    Capital gain

    $1,500

    As he had no other CGT event during 2009-10 and does not have any capital losses, Colin completes item 18 on his tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Colin's return showing Net capital gain (A) 1,500 and Total current year capital gains (H) 1,500.

    Attention

    Note

    If Colin had received a non-assessable payment from the fund, his cost base may have been adjusted and the capital gain may have been greater. For more information, see chapter C2.

    End of attention

    Example 16: Mei-Ling made a capital gain from some shares she bought after 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and sold more than 12 months later. She also has a net capital loss from an earlier income year.

    Mei-Ling bought 400 shares in TKY Ltd for $15,000 in October 1999 and sold them for $23,000 last February. The sale is a CGT event. She also has a net capital loss of $1,000 from an earlier income year that has not been applied against later year capital gains.

    As she bought the shares after 21 September 1999, Mei-Ling cannot use the indexation method. However, as she owned the shares for more than 12 months, she can use the discount method. Her capital gain is:

    Capital proceeds

    $23,000

    less

    Cost base

    $15,000

    Total capital gain

    $8,000

    less net capital loss

    $1,000

    Capital gain
    (before applying the CGT discount)

    $7,000

    less CGT discount

    $3,500

    Capital gain

    $3,500

    As she has no other CGT event, Mei-Ling completes item 18 on her tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Mei-Ling's return showing Net capital gain (A) 3,500 and Total current year capital gains (H) 8,000.

    Example 17: Mario made a capital loss from one parcel of shares he bought before 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and sold more than 12 months later.

    In October 1986, Mario purchased 2,500 shares in Machinery Manufacturers Ltd for $2,650 including brokerage. He sold the shares last March for $2,300 and paid $50 brokerage costs. Mario also made a capital loss of $350 on some shares he sold in the 1999-2000 income year but had not made any capital gain since then that he could use to offset his capital losses.

    The sale is a CGT event. Mario purchased the Machinery Manufacturers Ltd shares before 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 but he made a capital loss, so neither the indexation nor the discount method applies.

    Mario calculates his capital loss for the current income year as follows:

    Reduced cost base ($2,650 + $50)

    $2,700

    less capital proceeds

    $2,300

    Capital loss

    $400

    The net capital losses that Mario can carry forward to reduce capital gains he may make in later income years are:

    Net capital loss for 2009-10

    $400

    plus net capital loss for 1999-2000

    $350

    Net capital losses carried forward to later income years

    $750

    As he has no other capital gains or capital losses, Mario does not write anything at A and completes item 18 on his tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Mario's return showing Net capital losses carried forward to later income years(V) 750.

    Example 18: Clare made capital gains from shares she bought before 11.45am (by legal time in the ACT) on 21 September 1999 and had capital losses carried forward from a previous year.

    Clare sold a parcel of 500 shares last March for $12,500, that is, for $25 each. She had acquired the shares in March 1995 for $7,500, that is, for $15 each, including stamp duty and brokerage costs. There were no brokerage costs on sale. Clare had no other capital gains or capital losses for the current income year, although she has $3,500 unapplied net capital losses carried forward from earlier income years.

    Because Clare owned the shares for more than 12 months and acquired the shares before September 1999 she can use the discount method or the indexation method to work out her capital gain - whichever gives her a better result. Clare firstly works out her net capital gain by applying both the indexation method and the discount method to the whole parcel of shares:

     

    Using indexation method

    Using discount method

    Capital proceeds

    $12,500

    $12,500

    Cost base

    *$8,070

    $7,500

    Capital gain

    $4,430

    $5,000

    less capital losses

    $3,500

    $3,500

     

    $930

    $1,500

    50% CGT discount

    -

    $750

    Net capital gain

    $930

    $750

    *  (123.4   114.7 = 1.076)   ($7,500   1.076 = $8,070)

    However, because each share is a separate asset, Clare can use different methods to work out her capital gains for shares within the parcel. The lowest net capital gain would result from her applying the indexation method to sufficient shares to absorb the capital loss (or as much of the capital loss as she can) and apply the discount method to any remaining shares. Clare therefore applies the indexation method to the sale of 395** shares and the discount method to the remaining 105.

    ** To calculate this, Clare worked out the capital gain made on each share using the indexation method ($4,430   500 = 8.86) and divided the capital loss by this amount ($3,500   8.86 = 395).

    She works out her net capital gain as follows:

     

    Indexation method (395 shares)

     

    Capital proceeds ($25 each)

    $9,875

    Cost base (395 x $15 x 1.076)

    $6,375

    Capital gain

    $3,500

    less capital losses

    $3,500

    Capital gain/(loss)

    nil

     

    Discount method (105 shares)

     

    Capital proceeds ($25 each)

    $2,625

    Cost base (105 x $15)

    $1,575

    Capital gain

    $1,050

    less any remaining capital losses

    nil

     

    $1,050

    less 50% CGT discount

    $525

    Net capital gain

    $525

    As she has no other capital gains or capital losses, Clare does not write anything at V, writes $4,550 at H ($3,500 + $1,050) and completes item 18 on her tax return (supplementary section) as follows:

    Item 18 on Clare's return showing Net capital gain (A) 525 and Total current year capital gains (H) 4,550.

    Last modified: 29 Jun 2010QC 22892