Edited version of private advice

Authorisation Number: 1051640423484

Date of advice: 28 July 2020

Ruling

Subject: Foreign superfund - withholding tax exemption

Question

Is the Fund excluded from liability to withholding tax on its interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived in respect of its current investments (listed in Appendix 1 to the relevant facts and circumstances of this Ruling) under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 ( ITAA 1936)?

Answer

Yes

This ruling applies for the following periods:

1 January 2019 to 31 December 2025

The scheme commences on:

1 January 2019

Relevant facts and circumstances

1.     The Fund is headquartered in State A, and it maintains a number of employee pension benefit plans under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended, and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 as amended (ERISA).

2.     The Fund is expected to continue indefinitely.

3.     A favourable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) confirms that, The Fund is a participating employer in a multiple employer plan under section 401(b); and it conforms to the requirements of Code section 401(a) and is exempt from federal income tax.

4.     Benefits will commence to be paid to participant when certain conditions are satisfied.

5.     The Fund confirmed that:

a)     the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund

b)     the Fund was established in a country other than Australia

c)     the Fund was established and is maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents

d)     the Fund's central management and control is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents

e)     no amount paid to the Fund can be deducted under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) or ITAA 1936

f)       no tax offsets would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the fund

g)     the income of the fund is not non-assessable non-exempt income of the Fund because of either:

                                                    i.     Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or

                                                   ii.     Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

6. The Fund provided a list of its Australian investments. All of its investments in Australia are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), and the Fund holds less than 10% of the total participation interests in each Australian company, trust or REIT in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936.
7. Further, the Fund confirmed that for each investment, the Fund:

a)     does not hold any right to appoint a person to a board, committee or similar, either directly or indirectly,

b)     has not entered into or received any side letters, arrangements or agreements,

c)     does not hold any veto rights on security holder votes, and

d)     does not hold any other influence potentially of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

Relevant legislative provisions

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 128B(3)(jb)

Reasons for decision

Question

Is the Fund excluded from liability to withholding tax on its interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived from its investments listed in Appendix 1 to the relevant facts and circumstances of this Ruling in accordance with paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936)?

Summary

The requirements of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 are satisfied. The Fund is excluded from liability to withholding tax on interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived from its Australian investments under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936.

Detailed reasoning

Broadly, paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 provides an exclusion from withholding tax for interest, dividends and non-share dividends derived by a superannuation fund for foreign residents (subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions).

For the exclusion to apply, the interest, dividend and/or non-share dividend income must be:

·        derived by a superannuation fund for foreign residents (as defined in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997), and

·        exempt from income tax in the country in which the superannuation fund for foreign residents arise.

Further, from 1 July 2019, the extra requirements in subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 must also be met.

The Fund is a non-resident

The Fund is a resident of the US and not a resident of Australia.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Superannuation fund for foreign residents

Superannuation fund for foreign residents is a defined term in the ITAA 1936. Subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936 states:

superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by subsection 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.

Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 sets out the following:

superannuation fund for foreign residentshas the meaning given by section 118-520.

Section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 provides:

(1)             A fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents at a time if:

(a)             at that time, it is:

(i)               an indefinitely continuing fund; and

(ii)              a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; and

(b)             it was established in a foreign country; and

(c)             it was established, and is maintained at that time, only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; and

(d)             at that time, its central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident.

(2)             However, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if:

(a)             an amount is paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under this Act; or

(b)             a *tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount.

It must be a 'fund' that satisfies all of the conditions in subsection 118-520(1) of the ITAA 1997 (and none of the paragraphs in subsection 118-520(2) of the ITAA 1997) to be a 'superannuation fund for foreign residents'.

An indefinitely continuing fund

The term 'fund' is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. Therefore, it should be given its ordinary meaning subject to the context in which it appears and having regard to any relevant case law authorities.

The Australian Oxford Dictionary, 2004, Oxford University Press, Melbourne defines the term 'fund' as 1 a permanent stock of something ready to be drawn upon... 2 a stock of money, especially one set apart for a purpose.

In Scott v. FC of T (No 2) (1966) 14 ATD 333; (1966) 10 AITR 290 (Scott), Windeyer J expressed the view that 'fund' in the context of 'superannuation fund' ordinarily meant 'money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income therefrom being capitalised'. Windeyer J's views in Scott were cited with approval by Hill J in Walstern Pty Ltd v. Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 138 FCR 1; 2003 ATC 5076; (2003) 54 ATR 423 who stated that 'for present purposes, the point is the need for "money" or "other property" to constitute a fund'.

The legislation provides no guidance on the meaning of 'indefinitely continuing'. It is not a technical legal expression, and the ordinary meanings of indefinitely and continuing involve little ambiguity or controversy.

The Macquarie Dictionary, [Online], viewed on 1 February 2018, www.macquariedictionary.com.au defines 'indefinitely' and 'continuing' as follows:

Indefinite:

adjective 1. not definite; without fixed or specified limit; unlimited: an indefinite number

2. not clearly defined or determined; not precise.

-  indefinitely, adverb

Continue:

verb (Continued, continuing)

1.     to go forwards or onwards in any course or action; keep on.

2.     to go on after suspension or interruption.

3.     to last or endure.

4.     to remain in a place; abide; stay.

5.     to remain in a particular state or capacity

The Fund aim to continue for the benefit of their employees who become eligible to participate in the Plan in accordance with its terms and conditions, and to provide Participants with an opportunity to accumulate funds for their retirement, for the payment of disability benefits or death benefits. Further, the Plan is expected to continue indefinitely.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

A provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund

The phrase 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' under subparagraph 118-520(1)(a)(ii) of the ITAA 1997 is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. However, the phrase has been subject to judicial consideration.

In Scott, the High Court examined the terms 'superannuation fund' and 'fund'. Justice Windeyer stated at ATD 351; AITR 312; ALJR 278 that:

... I have come to the conclusion that there is no essential single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. In this connexion "fund", I take it, ordinarily means money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income there from being capitalised.

In a later case, Mahoney v. Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967); 14 ATD 519; 10 AITR 463 (Mahoney case), the High Court took a similar view as in Scott, Justice Kitto expressed the view at ALJR 232; (1967); ATD 520; AITR 464 that:

...all that need be recognised is that just as 'provident' and 'superannuation' both referred to the provision of a particular kind of benefit - in the one case a provision against contemplated contingencies, and in the other case a provision, to arise on an employee's retirement or death or other cessation of employee, of a subvention for him or his estate or persons towards whom he may have stood in some kind of relation commonly giving rise to a legal or moral responsibility - so 'benefit' must have meant a benefit, not a general sense, but characterised by some specific future purpose.

The court found that the expression takes its meaning from past usage and the meaning of the several expressions must be arrived at in light of their ordinary usage.

As such the term 'benefit' requires a purpose narrower than conferring benefits in a completely general sense. The benefit must be characterised by some future purpose. Likewise, a provident fund must not refer to the provision of funds in a general sense but must relate to a provision against contemplated contingencies.

Both of the above mentioned cases emphasise that the benefits must be provided for a specific purpose and require that there is a connection between the benefit received and the provision by the fund for retirement or death of a member or against 'contemplated contingencies', such as a sickness or accident.

In this case, the purpose of the Fund is to benefit their eligible employees participating in the Plan and to provide those employees with an opportunity to accumulate funds for their retirement, for the payment of disability benefits or death benefits. The Fund has specific rules on how to contribute to the, how to calculate plan benefits under different circumstances including late retirement and early retirement, the circumstances under which a participant becomes vested in their accrued benefits and how the benefits are distributed in each individual participant's circumstances.

Therefore, the Fund has a purpose of providing a pool of assets for use by current and former employees only on their retirement, death or contemplated contingencies such as being unable to work. These benefits align with the sole purpose of providing retirement benefits or benefits in other allowable contemplated contingencies.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Established in a foreign country

The Fund was established in the US.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents

The Fund was established and is maintained only to provide benefits to employees from affiliated employers which participate in the Fund. These employers and their employees reside in the US.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Central management and control (CM&C)

Paragraphs 20 and 21 of Taxation Ruling TR 2008/9 Income tax: meaning of 'Australian superannuation fund' in subsection 295-95(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (TR 2008/9) states:

20. The CM&C of a superannuation fund involves a focus on the who, when and where of the strategic and high level decision making processes and activities of the fund. In the context of the operations of a superannuation fund, the strategic and high level decision making processes includes:

·        formulating the investment strategy for the fund;

·        reviewing and updating or varying the fund's investment strategy as well as monitoring and reviewing the performance of the fund's investments;

·        if the fund has reserves - the formulation of a strategy for their prudential management; and

·        determining how the assets of the fund are to be used to fund member benefits.

21. The other principal areas of operation of a superannuation fund that form part of the day-to-day or operational side of the fund's activities will not constitute CM&C. These activities do not form part of the CM&C of the fund because they are not of a strategic or high level nature. Rather, these activities are of a more formalistic or administrative nature. Examples of such activities include the acceptance of contributions that are made on a regular basis, the actual investment of the fund's assets, the fulfilment of administrative duties and the preservation, payment and portability of benefits.

The board of directors of the Fund is the Administrator, which is not Australian residents.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Subsection 118-520(2)

The Fund has not and cannot deduct amounts under either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936 for amounts paid to it. The Fund has not been allowed a tax offset or a tax offset is not allowable for an amount that has been paid to it.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies these requirements.

Conclusion

As all of the above requirements are satisfied, the Fund meets the requirements of being a superannuation fund for foreign residents as defined by section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997.

The Fund is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides

A favourable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) confirms that the Plan is a participating employer in a multiple employer Plan under sections 401(a) and 401(b) of the Code and is exempt from federal income tax.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Subsection 128(3CA) of the ITAA 1936

The Treasury Laws Amendment (Making Sure Foreign Investors Pay Their Fair Share of Tax in Australia and Other Measures) Act 2019 introduced extra requirements that must be met for paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 to apply. Generally, these extra requirements apply to income derived from 1 July 2019.

Relevantly:

-   The Fund must satisfy the 'portfolio interest test' in relation to the test entity (subsection 128B(3CC) of the ITAA 1936)

-   The Fund must satisfy the 'influence test' (subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936) in relation to the test entity, and

-   The income cannot otherwise be non-assessable non-exempt income of the Fund because of:

a.     Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or

b.     Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

1. The Fund satisfies the 'portfolio interest test'

Subsection 128B(3CC) of the ITAA 1936 states:

A superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if, at that time, the total participation interest (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) the superannuation fund holds in the test entity:

(a) is less than 10%; and

(b) would be less than 10% if, in working out the direct participation interest (within the meaning of that Act) that any entity holds in a company:

(i) an equity holder were treated as a shareholder; and

(ii) the total amount contributed to the company in respect of non-share equity interests were included in the total paid-up share capital of the company.

The Fund holds less than 10% of the total participation interests in each Australian company, trust or real estate investment trust (REIT). Further, the Fund would hold less than 10% of the total participation interests in each Australian company, trust or REIT in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936.

The Fund therefore satisfies the 'portfolio interest test' in respect of its current investments (listed in Appendix 1 to the relevant facts and circumstances of this Ruling).

2. The Fund satisfies the 'influence test'

Subsection 128(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 states:

A superannuation fund has influence of a kind described in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if any of the following requirements are satisfied at that time:

(a) the superannuation fund:

(i) is directly or indirectly able to determine; or

(ii) in acting in concert with others, is directly or indirectly able to determine;

the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, make (or might reasonably be expected to make) the decisions that comprise the control and direction of the test entity's operations;

(b) at least one of those persons is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the superannuation fund (whether those directions, instructions or wishes are expressed directly or indirectly, or through the superannuation fund acting in concert with others).

As such, there are two distinct sub-tests within the influence test.

Sub-test 1 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(a) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether the Fund is able to determine the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, makes or is reasonably expected to make, decisions comprising the control and direction of the test entity's operations. This includes situations where the Fund is able to act in concert with others to determine the identity of a relevant decision-maker in the test entity.

Sub-test 1 also extends to situations where the Fund, in its own right, holds the ability to approve or veto decisions which go to the control or direction of the test entity.

Sub-test 2 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(b) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether at least one of the relevant decision-making persons of the test entity is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the Fund.

Relevantly, in respect of the Fund's investment in Australia:

a.     Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has involvement in the day to day management of the business of any of the Australian companies, trusts or REITs.

b.     Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has the right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of the Australian company or equivalent role in a trust or REIT.

c.      Neither the Fund, nor any related party, holds the right to representation on any investor representative or advisory committee (or similar) of the Australian company, or equivalent role in a trust or REIT.

d.     Neither the Fund, nor any related party, has the ability to direct or influence the operation of the Australian company, trust or REIT outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interest held.

e.     The Fund only holds rights to vote in proportion to its equity interest in each Australian company, trust or REIT.

Based upon the above, the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

3. Otherwise non-assessable non-exempt

The income received by the Fund will not be non-assessable non-exempt income because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

Conclusion

The Fund is excluded from withholding tax in relation to interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived from its current investments in Australia.

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