Edited version of private advice

Authorisation Number: 1052010920226

Date of advice: 25 July 2022

Ruling

Subject: Withholding taxes

Question

Is the Fund excluded from liability to withholding tax on its interest and dividend income derived in respect of its current investments in Australia under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936?

Answer

Yes.

This ruling applies for the following periods:

1 July 20XX to 30 June 20XX

The scheme commences on:

1 July 20XX

Relevant facts and circumstances

1.     The Fund was established by legislation to provide disability and retirement benefits to qualified employees.

2.     The sole purpose of the Fund is to pay earned benefits to members, which is funded by a combination of member contributions, employer contributions and investment earnings.

3.     The Fund is administered by Entity A. Entity A is responsible for the administration and management of the Fund's investment strategy.

4.     The Fund is governed by legislation and internal policies

5.     All board meetings are held outside of Australia.

Features of the Fund

Members

6. Members of the Fund include employees from participating employers.

Contributions

7.     The Fund derives revenue from three primary sources; contributions from the employer, contributions from members and investment income.

8.     The Fund estimates annually the amount required from the Employer to pay for all annuities, benefits and administrative expenses. The amount is to be paid into the Fund annually by the Employer.

Retirement Benefit

9.     An annuity is paid in equal monthly instalments to eligible members with the first payment generally due on the first day of the calendar month following the date of withdrawal for members who have already reached the required age.

10.  There are three annuities that members may choose from on retirement, which have age and service credit requirements.

Reversionary Annuity

11.  A reversionary annuity is a reduction of a member's annuity to provide a lifetime annuity for a spouse, parent, child, brother or sister, such annuity begins upon the death of the member.

Surviving Spouse Annuity

12.  A spouse annuity begins on the death of the member

Annuities for Children

13.  Annuities are provided for unmarried children of a deceased member who are under the age of 18.

Disability Benefits

14.  The Fund provides disability benefits for members.

Credit for Prior Service

15.  Members are able to purchase eligible creditable prior service rendered to the Employer.

Reciprocity

16.  A member is able to transfer pension credits to other eligible Funds.

Refund of Annuity Contributions

17.  Members are able to receive a refund of the amount accumulated to their credit from salary deductions for annuity.

Repayment of Refunds

18.  If a member has received a refund of their contributions, their prior service will not be restored unless they repay the total amount of all contributions withdrawn plus interest.

Other Information

19.  The Fund provided a letter to the Commissioner stating:

a.     the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund

b.     the Fund was established in a country other than Australia

c.     the Fund was established and is maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents

d.     the Fund's central management and control is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents

e.     no amount paid to the Fund can be deducted under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) or ITAA 1936

f.      no tax offsets would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund

g.     the income of the fund is not non-assessable non-exempt income of the fund because of either:

i. Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or ii. Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997

20.  The Fund is a resident of a country other than Australia.

21.  The Fund has previously been issued a favourable private ruling.

Investments in Australia

22.  The Fund has investments in Australian equity interests. The Australian equity investments of the Fund have the following characteristics:

a.     The equity investments are listed on the ASX.

b.     The Fund holds less than 10% of the total equity interests on issue of the Australian companies in which it invests.

c.     The Fund has no involvement in the day to day management of the business of the Australian companies.

d.     The Fund has no right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of the Australian companies.

e.     The Fund has no right to representation on any investor representative or advisory committee (or similar) of the Australian companies.

f.      The Fund has no ability to direct or influence the operation of the Australian company outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interests held.

g.     The Fund does not have the ability to direct or influence the operation of the company, or otherwise provide the Fund with anything that would constitute influence under subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

23.  The Fund will receive interest and dividend income from companies and trusts which are residents of Australia for tax purposes.

Relevant legislative provisions

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Paragraph 128B(3)(jb) Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Section 128D Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-520

Reasons for decision

Section 128B of the ITAA 1936 imposes liability to withholding tax on income derived by a non-resident that consists of dividend income (subsection 128B(1) of the ITAA 1936), interest income (subsection 128B(2) of the ITAA 1936) as well as other income prescribed in that section.

Subsection 128B(3) of the ITAA 1936 notes that section 128B of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to prescribed categories of income. Relevantly, paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 provides an exclusion from withholding tax for interest and dividends derived by a superannuation fund for foreign residents (subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions).

For the exclusion to apply, the interest and dividend income must be:

•         derived by a superannuation fund for foreign residents (as defined in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997), and

•         exempt from income tax in the country in which the superannuation fund for foreign residents arise.

The Fund is a non-resident

The Fund is not a resident of Australia for tax purposes. The Fund was established outside of Australia, and its management is also based outside of Australia.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

The Fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents

Superannuation fund for foreign residents is a defined term in the ITAA 1936.

Subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936 states:

Superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by subsection 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.

Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 sets out the following:

Superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by section 118-520.

The term 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' is defined in section 118-520 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) as follows:

118-520 Meaning of superannuation fund for foreign residents

(1)    A fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents at a time if:

(a)   at that time, it is:

(i)     an indefinitely continuing fund; and

(ii)    a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; and

(b)   it was established in a foreign country; and

(c)   it was established, and is maintained at that time, only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; and

(d)   at that time, its central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident.

(2)    However, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if:

(a)   an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under this Act;

(b)   a tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount.

Consequently, for the Fund to be considered a superannuation fund for foreign residents for the purposes of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936, it must be established that:

•         the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund

•         the Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund

•         the Fund was established in a foreign country

•         the Fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents

•         the central management and control of the Fund is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents

•         no amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1997, and

•         no tax offsets have been allowed or would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund.

The Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund

The term 'indefinitely continuing fund' is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. Therefore, it should be given its ordinary meaning subject to the context in which it appears and having regard to any relevant case law authorities.

The Australian Oxford Dictionary, 2004, Oxford University Press, Melbourne defines the term 'fund' as 1 a permanent stock of something ready to be drawn upon ... 2 a stock of money, especially one set apart for a purpose.

In Scott v. FC of T (No 2) (1966) 10 AITR 290 (Scott), Windeyer J expressed the view that 'fund' in the context of 'superannuation fund' ordinarily meant 'money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income therefrom being capitalised'. Windeyer J's views in Scott were cited with approval by Hill J in Walstern Pty Ltd v. Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 138 FCR 1; 2003 ATC 5076; (2003) 54 ATR 423 who stated that 'for present purposes, the point is the need for "money" or "other property" to constitute a fund'.

The general view is that an indefinitely continuing fund does not have to continue forever, but rather that the governing rules should not fix an express termination date.

The Fund is governed by legislation and internal Fund policies. There is no indication that the Fund is to be wound up in the near future. Its annual report show that it is in a position to meet its ongoing obligations to pay benefits under the legislation and internal Fund policies.

Further, the Fund provided a letter to the Commissioner dated XX, which states that the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

The Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund

The phrase 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' under subparagraph 118-520(1)(a)(ii) of the ITAA 1997 is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. However, the phrase has been subject to judicial consideration.

In Scott, the High Court examined the terms 'superannuation fund' and 'fund'. Justice Windeyer stated at ATD 351; AITR 351; ALJR 278 that: ... I have come to the conclusion that there is no essential single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. In this connexion "fund", I take it, ordinarily means money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income from being capitalised.

In the later case, Mahoney v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967) 14 ATD 419; 10 AITR 463 (Mahoney Case), the High Court took a similar view as in Scott, Justice Kitto expressed the view at ALJR 232; (1967) ATD 520; AITR 464 that: All that need be recognised is that just as 'provident' and 'superannuation' both referred to the provision of a particular kind of benefit - in the one case a provision against contemplated contingencies, and in the other case a provision, to arise on an employee's retirement or death or other cessation of employee, of a subvention for him or his estate or persons towards whom he may have stood in some kind of relation commonly giving rise to a legal or moral responsibility - so 'benefit' must have meant a benefit, not a general sense, but characterised by some specific future purpose.

The Court found that the expression takes its meaning from past usage and the meaning of the several expressions must be arrived at in light of their ordinary usage. As such, the term 'benefit' requires a purpose narrower than conferring benefits in a completely general sense. The benefit must be characterised by some future purpose. Likewise, a provident fund must not refer to the provision of funds in a general sense but must relate to a provision against contemplated contingencies.

Both of the above mentioned cases emphasise that the benefits must be provided for a specific purpose and require that there is a connection between the benefit received and the provision by the fund for retirement or death of a member or against 'contemplated contingencies', such as death, disability or serious illness.

The Fund is a retirement fund established to provide service retirement, disability and death benefits to members.

As both the key objective of the Fund and the operation of the Fund have the sole purpose of providing retirement benefits, the Commissioner accepts that the Fund is considered to be a 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund'.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

The Fund was established in a foreign country

The Fund was established outside of Australia. Therefore, the Fund was established in a foreign country.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

The Fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents

The Fund was established outside of Australia to provide service retirement, disability and death benefits for employees of participants of the Fund.

It is considered that the possibility of a very small number of members being returned residents or becoming

Australian residents after ceasing eligible employment is incidental and should not be taken to conclude that the Fund, has not been established and is not maintained only to provide benefits for non-residents, based on the rules and operations of the Fund.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

The Fund's central management and control is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident

Paragraph 20 and 21 of Taxation Ruling TR 2008/9 Income tax: meaning of 'Australian superannuation fund' in subsection 295-95(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (TR 2008/9) states in respect of the central management and control (CM&C) of a superannuation fund:

20.          The CM&C of a superannuation fund involves a focus on the who, when and where of the strategic and high level decision making processes and activities of the fund. In the context of the operations of a superannuation fund, the strategic and high level decision making processes includes:

•         formulating the investment strategy for the fund;

•         reviewing and updating or varying the fund's investment strategy as well as monitoring and reviewing the performance of the fund's investments;

•         if the fund has reserves - the formulation of a strategy for their prudential management; and

•         determining how the assets of the fund are to be used to fund member benefits.

21.          The other principal areas of operations of superannuation fund that form part of the day-to-day or operational side of the fund's activities will not constitute CM&C. These activities do not form part of the CM&C of the fund because they are not of a strategic or high level nature. Rather, these activities are of a more formalistic or administrative nature. Examples of such activities include the acceptance of contributions that are made on a regular basis, the actual investment of the fund's assets, the fulfilment of administrative duties and the preservation, payment and portability of benefits.

Furthermore, paragraph 10 and 11 of Taxation ruling TR 2018/5 Income tax: central management and control test of residency (TR 2018/5) states:

10.          Central management and control refers to the control and direction of a company's operations. It does not refer to a physical location in which the control and direction of a company is located and may ultimately be exercised in more than one location.

11.          The key element in the control and direction of a company's operations is the making of high-level decisions that set the company's general policies and determine the direction of its operations and the type of transactions it will enter.

The Fund is a pension plan established outside of Australia which is administered by Entity A. The operation of the Fund is governed by legislation and internal policies.

Entity A is composed of non-residents of Australia and all of the decisions are undertaken outside Australia. This is supported by the fact that:

•         Entity A members are all non-residents.

•         All the board meetings are held outside of Australia and significant management and investment decisions are undertaken outside of Australia.

Based on these facts, it is reasonable to conclude that the central management and control of the Fund is exercised outside of Australia by entities that are not Australian residents.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

No amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1936 or ITAA 1997 and no tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount

Pursuant to subsection 118-520(2) of the ITAA 1997, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if:

a)     an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under the Act; or

b)     a tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount.

As the contributors to the Fund are based outside of Australia and make contributions in respect of their employment undertaken outside of Australia. The contributions to the Fund are neither eligible for deductions nor allowed as offsets under the ITAA 1936 or ITAA 1997. The Fund has also confirmed no amount paid to the Fund can be deducted under the ITAA 1936 or ITAA 1997.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Conclusion

As all of the above requirements are satisfied, the Fund meets the requirements of being a superannuation fund for foreign residents as defined by section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 for the purpose of subparagraph 128B(3)(jb)(i) of the ITAA 1936.

The income, consisting of interest and dividend income, is derived by the Fund

Subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936, along with paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 requires the superannuation fund for foreign residents to derive the interest and dividends paid by Australian resident companies.

The Fund invests into Australia and receives interest and dividend income directly from its Australian investments. It will, therefore, derive the relevant income for the purposes of subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 and paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936.

Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement.

The Fund is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides

The Fund is exempt from income tax in a foreign country under legislation in the foreign country. The Fund provided a letter to the Commissioner confirming that it is a resident of a foreign country.

Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement.

Otherwise non-assessable non-exempt

The income received by the Fund will not be non-assessable non-exempt income because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

Income derived by the Fund would not be otherwise treated as not assessable and not exempt income by virtue of the above provisions. Accordingly, the above exclusion should not apply to exclude the Fund from entitlement to the withholding tax exemption for superannuation funds for foreign residents.

Conclusion for assets acquired on or before 27 March 2018

As all the requirements of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 are satisfied, the Fund will be entitled to an exemption from withholding tax on interest and dividend income derived in respect of assets acquired on or before 27 March 2018 under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936.

Assets acquired after 27 March 2018

The Treasury Laws Amendment (Making Sure Foreign Investors Pay their Fair Share of Tax in Australia and Other Measures) Act 2019 introduced extra requirements that must be met for paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 to apply from 1 July 2019 onwards. These extra requirements apply only to assets which were acquired after 27 March 2018.

Relevantly:

i. The fund must satisfy the 'portfolio interest test' in relation to the test entity (subsection 128B(3CC)) ii. The fund must satisfy the 'influence test' (subsection 128B(3CD)) in relation to the test entity, and iii. The income cannot otherwise be non-assessable non-exempt income of the Fund because of:

a.     Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or

b.     Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

The Fund satisfies the 'portfolio interest test' Subsection 128B(3CC) of the ITAA 1936 states:

A superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if, at that time, the total participation interest (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) the superannuation fund holds in the test entity:

(a)   is less than 10%; and

(b)   would be less than 10% if, in working out the direct participation interest (within the meaning of that Act) that any entity holds in a company:

(i)     an equity holder were treated as a shareholder; and

(ii)    the total amount contributed to the company in respect of non-share equity interests were included in the total paid-up share capital of the company.

Subsection 128B(3CB) defines the test entity to be either the entity that paid the interest, dividends or non-share dividends or, if subsection 128A(3) of the ITAA 1936 applies in relation to a resident trust estate, that trust estate.

Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 defines total participation interest to have the meaning given by section 960-180 of the ITAA 1997, which states:

An entity's total participation interest at a particular time in another entity is the sum of:

(a) the entity's *direct participation interest in the other entity at that time; and (b) the entity's *indirect participation interest in the other entity at that time.

A 'direct participation interest' that the Fund will have in a test entity is defined in the table in subsection 960190(1) of the ITAA 1997 and depends on what type of entity the other entity is.

Item 1 of the table in subsection 960-190(1) and subsection 960-190(2) of the ITAA 1997 provide that a direct participation interest in a company is the 'direct control interest' (within the meaning of section 350 of the ITAA 1936 excluding the operation of subsection 350(6) and (7)) that the first entity holds in the other entity.

Subsection 350(1) of the ITAA 1936 provides that an entity holds a direct control interest in a company at a particular time equal to the percentage of:

(a)   total paid up share capital,

(b)   voting rights, or

(c)   rights to distributions of capital or profits that it holds in the company.

Where there are different percentages in each of the above, the direct control interest is the greater or greatest of those percentages. Subsection 350(2) of the ITAA 1936 provides that where an entity holds different percentages of total rights to vote for the purposes of (b) above, the highest of those percentages applies in establishing the direct control interest.

Item 2 of the table in subsection 960-190(1) and subsection 960-190(2) of the ITAA 1997 provide that a direct participation interest in a trust is the 'direct control interest' (within the meaning of section 351 of the ITAA 1936 excluding the operation of subsections 351(3) and (4)) that the first entity holds in the other entity.

Subsection 351(1) of the ITAA 1936 provides that an entity holds a direct control interest in a trust at a particular time equal to the percentage of:

(a)   the income of the trust to which the entity is entitled or is entitled to acquire, or (b) the corpus of the trust to which the entity is entitled or is entitled to acquire.

Subsection 960-185(1) of the ITAA 1997 provides that an entity's indirect participation interest in a test entity is established by multiplying its direct participation interest in an intermediate entity by the sum of the intermediate entity's direct and indirect participation interests in the test entity.

In these circumstances, the Commissioner is satisfied that the total participation interest the Fund holds in the test entities:

•         is less than 10% pursuant to paragraph 128B(3CC)(a) of the ITAA 1936 at all relevant times; and

•         would be less than 10% in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936 at all relevant times.

The Fund therefore satisfies the 'portfolio interest test' in respect of its current Australian investments.

The Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 in relation to the test entity at the time the income was derived Subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 states:

A superannuation fund has influence of a kind described in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if any of the following requirements are satisfied at that time:

(a) the superannuation fund:

(i)     is directly or indirectly able to determine; or

(ii)    in acting in covert with others, is directly or indirectly able to determine;

the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, make (or might reasonably be expected to make) the decisions that comprise the control and direction of the test entity's operations;

(b)   at least one of those persons is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the superannuation fund (whether those directions, instructions or wishes are expressed directly or indirectly, or through the superannuation fund acting in concert with others).

As such, there are two distinct sub-tests within the influence test.

Sub-test 1 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(a) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether the Fund is able to determine the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, makes or is reasonably expected to make, decisions comprising the control and direction of the test entity's operations. This includes situations where the Fund is able to act in concert with others to determine the identity of a relevant decision-maker in the test entity.

Sub-test 1 also extends to situations where the Fund, in its own right, holds the ability to approve or veto decision which go to the control or direction of the test entity.

Sub-test 2 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(b) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether at least one of the relevant decision-making persons of the test entity is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the Fund.

Relevantly, in respect of the investments listed in Appendix 1 to the Relevant Facts and Circumstances of this Ruling:

(a)   Neither the Fund, nor any related party, is involved in the day to day management of the business of any of the Australian companies or trusts.

(b)   Neither the Fund, nor any related party, has the right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of the Australian company, Australian debt issuer or equivalent role in a trust.

(c)   Neither the Fund, nor any related party, holds the right to representation on any investor representative or advisory committee (or similar) of the Australian companies or trusts.

(d)   Neither the Fund, nor any related party, has the ability to direct or influence the operation of the Australian companies or trusts outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interest held.

(e)   In addition to the above, the Fund does not have the ability to direct or influence the operation of the companies or trusts, or otherwise provide the Fund with anything that would constitute influence under subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

Accordingly, the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 in respect of its Australian investments. The Fund does not have capacity to influence (either directly or indirectly) the day-today management of the operations of their investments.

Consequently, the Commissioner accepts that the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

The income received by the Fund is not non-assessable and non-exempt income of the Fund because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997

The income received by the Fund will not be non-assessable non-exempt income because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.

The Fund therefore, satisfies this condition in respect of its current investments.

Conclusion

As the Fund has met both the pre-existing and the extra requirements under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 in relation to assets acquired after 27 March 2018, the Fund is excluded from withholding tax in relation to interest and dividend income derived from its current Australian investments.

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