Edited version of private advice

Authorisation Number: 1052024044493

Date of advice: 21 September 2022

Ruling

Subject: ESIC qualification

Question

Does the company meet the criteria of an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) under subsection 360 40(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)?

Answer

Yes

This ruling applies for the following period:

Year ending 30 June 20XX

The scheme commences on:

1 July 20XX

Relevant facts and circumstances

The company was incorporated in Australia. Its equity interests are not listed for quotation in the official list of any stock exchange.

The company has no subsidiaries and as it was incorporated in the income year ended 30 June 20XX, it had no income or expenses in the previous income year.

The company's goal is to build the Innovation that helps its customers to manage transactions.

The company has identified its ultimate market as being the domestic, with its initial target being Australian markets.

Market position of the company is that it is generally well aligned with other stakeholders in the industries it operates in. The company will sell the Innovation as a service. There is no comparable service available in Australia. This development and approach is different from any comparable product.

Expertise of Founders and any Intellectual Property rights (i.e. ownership or licence) has been provided.

Commercialisation strategy

The company has outlined their commercialisation strategy.

The company is building a range of international partnerships that demonstrate the international market potential.

The company is initially targeting the Australian markets. They will pursue product sales through:

•         Attracting customers and building the core product offering.

•         A number of market segments have been identified as initial targets.

The company's product offering will allow them to scale up the business.

The company will make their revenue through selling the Innovation as a service.

The company has a scalable model with both its customer acquisition and technology development strategies.

Relevant legislative provisions

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 360-A

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 360-40

Reasons for decision

Qualifying Early Stage Innovation Company

Subsection 360-40(1) outlines the criteria required for a company to qualify as ESIC at a particular time in an income year. This time is referred to as the test time. The criteria are based on a series of tests to identify if the company is at an early stage of its development and it is developing new or significantly improved innovations to generate an economic return.

The early stage test

The early stage test requirements are outlined in detail within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d).

Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a)

To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(a), at a particular time (the test time) in an income year (the current year) the company must have been either:

(i)    incorporated in Australia within the last three income years (the latest being the current year); or

(ii)   incorporated in Australia within the last 6 income years (the latest being the current year), and across the last 3 of those income years before the current year it and any *100% subsidiaries incurred total expenses of $1 million or less; or

(iii)  registered in the Australian Business Register (ABR) within the last three income years (the latest being the current year).

The term 'current year' is defined in subsection 360-40(1) with reference to the 'test time'; the 'current year' being the income year in which the company issues shares to the investor.

A company that does not meet any of these conditions will not qualify as an ESIC.

Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b)

To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(b), the company and any 100% subsidiaries must have incurred total expenses of $1 million or less in the income year before the current year.

Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c)

To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(c), the company and any 100% subsidiaries must have derived total assessable income of $200,000 or less in the income year before the current year.

No stock exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d)

To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(d), the company must not be listed on any stock exchange in Australia or a foreign country.

Innovation tests

If the company satisfies the early stage test, the company must also satisfy one of two innovation tests: the objective (100 point) test or the principles-based test.

'100 point test' - paragraph 360-40(1)(e) and section 360-45

To satisfy the 100 point test, the company must obtain at least 100 points by meeting the innovation criteria in the table within section 360-45. The criteria are tested at a time immediately after the relevant shares are issued. If a company satisfies this test it does not need to satisfy the principles-based test.

'Principles-based test' - subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i) to (v)

To satisfy the principles-based test, the company must meet five requirements in paragraph 360-40(1)(e). This is tested at a time immediately after the relevant new shares are issued to the investor.

The company can demonstrate that it meets each requirement through existing documentation such as a business plan, commercialisation strategy, competition analysis or other company documents. The company must be able to show that tangible steps have been or will be taken in relation to each of the requirements.

The five requirements of the principles-based test, as outlined in paragraph 360-40(1)(e) are:

(i)    the company is genuinely focused on developing for commercialisation one or more new or significantly improved products, processes, services or marketing or organisational methods; and

(ii)   the business relating to those products, processes, services or methods has a high growth potential; and

(iii)  the company can demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to successfully scale that business; and

(iv)  the company can demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to address a broader than local market, including global markets, through that business; and

(v)   the company can demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to have competitive advantages for that business.

Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation

For the purposes of Subdivision 360-A, the Explanatory Memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Tax Incentives for Innovation) Bill 2016 ('EM') provides the following at paragraph 1.76 in relation to the definition of innovation:

"Implicit in the definition of innovation is the requirement that THE COMPANY is developing a new or significantly improved type of innovation such as a product, process, service, marketing or organisational method. This list of various types of innovations provides flexibility for innovation companies and is adaptable to current and future innovations. The Oslo Manual, published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides a description of these different types of innovations..."

The innovation being developed by the company must either be new or significantly improved for an applicable addressable market. The company's addressable market is the revenue opportunity or market demand arising from the innovation or the related business. The addressable market must be objective and realistic.

Improvements must be significant in nature to meet this requirement. Customising existing products or minor changes resulting from software updates, pricing strategies or seasonal changes are examples of improvements that would not be considered significant.

The OECD Oslo Manual defines innovations as significant changes, with the intention of distinguishing significant changes from routine minor changes. However, it is important to recognise that an innovation can also consist of a series of smaller incremental changes that together constitute a significant change.

In discussing services innovation activity, paragraph 111 of the OECD Oslo Manual states,

"Innovation activity in services also tends to be a continuous process, consisting of a series of incremental changes in products and processes. This may occasionally complicate the identification of innovations in services in terms of single events, i.e. as the implementation of a significant change in products, processes or other methods."

The OECD Oslo Manual, in relation to defining innovative services, states at paragraph 161 that "innovations in services can include significant improvements in how they are provided (for example, in terms of their efficiency or speed), the addition of new functions or characteristics to existing services, or the introduction of entirely new services."

The company must be genuinely focused on developing the innovation for a commercial purpose in order to generate economic value and revenue for the company. This requirement draws the distinction between simply having an idea and commercialising an idea.

'Commercialisation' includes a range of activities that involve the implementation or sale of a new or significantly improved innovation that will directly lead to the generation of economic value for the company.

High growth potential

The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential for high growth within a broad addressable market. This refers to the company's ability to rapidly expand its business. Companies that are limited to supplying local customers will not meet this requirement.

Scalability

The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to successfully scale up the business. The company must have operating leverage, whereas it increases its market share or enters into new markets, its existing revenues can be multiplied with a reduced or minimal increase in operating costs per unit.

Broader than local market

The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to address a market that is broader than a local city, area or region. The company does not need to have a serviceable market at a national, multinational or global scale at the test time. However, it does need to show that the business is capable of addressing a market that is broader than a local market and that the business can be adapted to a broader scale in the future.

Competitive advantages

The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to have competitive advantages, such as a cost or differential advantage over its competitors which are sustainable for the business as it expands. The company can analyse what competitors in the market offer, and consider whether the company has a differentiating advantage that would allow it to outperform these competitors.

Foreign Company test - paragraph 360-40(1)(f)

At the test time, the company must not be a foreign company within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001.

The dictionary in section 9 of the Corporations Act 2001 defines a foreign company to mean:

(a)  a body corporate that is incorporated in an external Territory, or outside Australia and the external Territories, and is not:

(i)               a corporation sole; or

(ii)              an exempt public authority; or

(b)  an unincorporated body that:

(i)               is formed in an external Territory or outside Australia and the external Territories; and

(ii)              under the law of its place of formation, may sue or be sued, or may hold property in the name of its secretary or of an officer of the body duly appointed for that purpose; and

(iii)             does not have its head office or principal place of business in Australia.

Application to your circumstances

Test time

For the purposes of this ruling, the test time for determining if the company is a qualifying ESIC will be a particular date during the income year ending 30 June 20XX.

Current year

For the purposes of subsection 360-40(1), the current year will be the year ending 30 June 20XX (the 20XX income year). The income year before the current year will be the year ending 30 June 20YY (the 20YY income year).

Early stage test

Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a)

As the company was incorporated in 20XX, which is within the last 3 income years, subparagraph 360-40(1)(a)(i) is satisfied..

Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b)

As the company had no expenses in the prior income year (the 20YY income year) paragraph 360-40(1)(b) is satisfied.

Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c)

As the company had no assessable income in the prior income year (the 20YY income year) paragraph 360-40(1)(c) is satisfied.

No stock exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d)

As the company is privately owned and is not listed on any stock exchange in Australia or a foreign country paragraph 360-40(1)(d) is satisfied.

Conclusion on early stage test

The company will satisfy the early stage test for the 20XX income year, as each of the requirements within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d) have been satisfied.

Principles based test

Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i)

There are three interacting elements that needs to be addressed:

(a)  new, significantly improved, product, process, service or marketing method or organisational method - the Innovation;

(b)  developing for commercialisation; and

(c)   genuinely focussed.

The Innovation will be the first to offer this type of web-based tool and reporting dashboard.

Genuinely focussed on developing for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i)

The company has taken the following steps in developing the Innovation:

(a)  market research

(b)  meeting with expert advisors to explore opportunities.

(c)   established key relationships

(d)  entering into agreements

The company expects to deliver two objectives that are key to its success. This is demonstrating demand and establishing infrastructure over the next 12 months.

The company will focus on attracting potential customers to increase engagement and direct sales.

Conclusion on subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i)

The company is genuinely focussed on developing the Innovation for a commercial purpose. The Innovation will be a significantly improved product compared to existing products.

Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) will be satisfied for the time period from X until 30 June 20XX, or the date when the Innovation has been fully developed, whichever occurs earliest. Once the Innovation has been fully developed, the company will no longer be developing the product for commercialisation and subparagraph 360-40((1)(e)(i) will no longer be satisfied.

High growth potential - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii)

The company expects the Innovation to appeal to a wide range of businesses and industries. This aids decision making and is particularly useful when assessing product or service viability in particular markets.

Through its commercialisation and marketing strategy, the company hopes to foster widespread use of its product by attracting additional members to the platform and building the core product offering. This will create high value data that can be used by members to support their claims of their markets.

The company is developing the Innovation themselves.

The company will make their revenue through selling the Innovation as a service.

Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii) will be satisfied.

Scalability - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iii)

The Innovation projections and business model illustrates the increase in projected sales.

Given that the Innovation will be available domestically, it is expected that the Innovation has the potential to successfully scale up its business.

The company's strategy for the use of the Innovation will be able to generate increased revenue. This operating leverage affords the company the potential to successfully scale up its business. Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iii) will be satisfied.

Broader than local market- subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv)

The company's Innovation will (initially) be targeted at the Australian markets (but is intended for worldwide use. It will be released globally once it gains traction in the initial targeted markets.)

The Innovation can be used locally and domestically by any business. Thus, the ultimate addressable market is global and is not confined to a local city, area or region.

The company has demonstrated the Innovation has the potential to address a broader market than just the local market, including international markets. Therefore subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv) will be satisfied.

Competitive advantages - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v)

The Innovation has differentiating features which may give it a competitive advantage.

Being the first to offer this type of Innovation, the company has the first mover advantage. The company has demonstrated the potential for the Innovation to have competitive advantages within the 'addressable market'. Therefore subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v) will be satisfied.

Conclusion on principles test

The company satisfies the principles based test as it satisfies the requirements within subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i) to (v) for the period commencing X until 30 June 20XX, or the date when the Innovation has been fully developed and is ready for sale, whichever occurs earlier.

Foreign Company Test

As the company was incorporated in Australia it is not a Foreign Company and paragraph 360-40(1)(f) is satisfied.

Conclusion

The company meets the eligibility criteria of an ESIC under section 360-40 for the period commencing X until the earlier of 30 June 20XX or the date when the Innovation has been fully developed and is ready for sale, whichever occurs earlier.

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