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6. GST advice and dispute management

How ATO's advice, guidance and dispute management contributed to improving GST performance in 2024–25.

Last updated 12 December 2025

Our public and private advice and guidance positively influences taxpayers to get their obligations right from the start, ensures a level playing field and addresses GST risks.

Advice and guidance

In 2024–25, we finalised 410 private ruling requests on GST issues, with 91% completed within 28 calendar days of receiving all the necessary information. This exceeded our service standard of 80%.

Table 6.1 shows a drop in our 2024–25 guidance request results to 84%, slightly below our service standard of 85%. We have provided training on our service commitments to staff to improve this result. We will continue to monitor and provide refresher training on a regular basis as part of our commitment to continuously improve.

Continuing the downward trend from previous years, finalised guidance requests decreased by over 300 this year to 1,501 requests.

This reduction can be attributed to our continued focus on providing modern, effective and timely public advice and guidance to support taxpayers at scale.

Since our mid-year report, we have published public advice and guidance explaining the Commissioner’s view on a range of GST topics including:

  • how the GST law operates in relation to incorrectly charged GST
  • supplies made to non-residents not in Australia
  • supplies that are effectively used or enjoyed outside of Australia.
Table 6.1: Written technical advice – finalised in 28 calendar days of receiving all necessary information (%)

Request type

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Guidance requests

95

90

92

88

84

Private rulings

99

96

92

85

91

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 9e. This is a service commitment. An 85% target applies for general taxpayer requests and an 80% target applies to private rulings.

Table 6.2: Quality of technical advice (%)

Review rating

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Rated as ‘achieved’

100.0

97.0

97.5

99.0

99.0

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 9f. Technical advice cases are assessed and rated for the accuracy of the technical decisions.

Dispute management

Objections

Addressing GST objections is essential to maintaining trust and confidence in the tax system.

Results for 2024–25 audit to objection transition rates as shown in Table 6.3 and created GST objection cases in Table 6.4 are similar to last year. Over 50% of objection cases arise from pre-issue GST compliance activities, in particular high-risk refunds.

Nearly 80% of all objections come from small businesses. Our GST compliance audit actions continue to account for approximately 90% of created GST objections. The majority are regarding:

  • correct reporting risk, pre-issue and post-issue refund integrity cases
  • GST property
  • GST and ABN registrations and cancellations
  • electronic sales suppression tools (ESSTs).

Resolved objections dropped (11.5%) this year as shown in Table 6.5. This aligns with a corresponding drop in allowed in full outcomes for streamlined investigations such as legitimate enterprise verifications for Operation Protego cases.

Table 6.3: Audit to objection transition rate (number per 100)

Activity

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Audit to objection transition rate

5.6

1.1

3.0

12.6

12.6

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7c.

Table 6.4: Objection cases created

Activity

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Audit-initiated

267

528

1,519

1,748

1,760

Client-initiated

138

137

201

204

213

Other

2

0

1

0

0

Total cases created

407

665

1,721

1,952

1,973

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7a.

Table 6.5: Resolved objection cases

Activity

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Audit-initiated

426

413

1,127

2,007

1,739

Client-initiated

386

122

182

212

224

Other

1

0

0

0

0

Total cases resolved

813

535

1,309

2,219

1,963

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7b.

Table 6.6: Proportion of objections to new Part IVC litigation cases (number per 1,000)

Type of measure

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Proportion of objections to new Part IVC litigation cases

49

88

41

28

34

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7f.

Litigation

This year’s GST litigation results evidence our ongoing commitment to ensuring only appropriate cases proceed to a court or tribunal hearing. In 2024–25, only a small portion of all resolved cases proceeded to a hearing. Of these cases, Table 6.7 shows that 87% were decided as fully or partly favourable to the Commissioner.

There were 127 current Part IVC litigation cases on hand as of 30 June 2025, up from 106 cases on hand on 30 June 2024. Cases involving property, refund integrity and evasion issues continue to make up approximately 70% of total litigation cases on hand.

Table 6.7: Court of tribunal litigation decision outcomes (%)

Decision outcome

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Wholly supports ATO position

55

67

85

60

74

Partially supports ATO position

9

11

0

30

13

Wholly supports taxpayer position

36

22

15

10

13

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7g.

Table 6.8: New Part IVC litigation cases created

Case type

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

First instance

41

47

58

62

66

Appeal

4

5

1

5

1

Administrative matter

0

0

1

0

1

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7d. Part IVC First Instance cases are where the taxpayer lodges an Administrative Review Tribunal or Federal Court application when dissatisfied with the Commissioner’s objection decision.

Table 6.9: Resolved new Part IVC litigation cases

Case type

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

First instance

45

59

35

65

46

Appeal

5

4

2

3

2

Administrative matter

2

0

0

0

1

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7e.

This year’s resolved cases that did not proceed to a hearing saw an increase in both settled and conceded by the Commissioner outcomes. Those withdrawn by the taxpayer or dismissed by the court or tribunal, decreased.

Since the mid-year report, there have been no strategic litigation case decisions (that is, cases with significant revenue or compliance risk, media attention or significant law clarification opportunities).

Table 6.10: Early resolution litigation outcomes (%)

Outcome

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

2024–25

Settled

49

4

18

25

29

Conceded (whole or in part)

22

13

11

27

32

Withdrawn by taxpayer

22

36

53

27

24

Dismissed by courts or tribunals

7

7

18

21

15

Note: GST Performance Agreement Schedule A 7h.

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