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Latest estimate and trends for the alcohol tax gap

Compare the 2023–24 alcohol tax gap to trends from previous years.

Published 3 November 2025

2023–24 alcohol tax gap estimate

For 2023–24, we estimate that 90.3% or $8.0 billion of the expected alcohol duty will be collected. This leaves a tax gap of 9.7%, or $861 million. An estimated $767 million or 89.1% of the unreported alcohol duty is because of illicit activity in the shadow economy.

Alcohol tax gap trends

The latest alcohol tax gap estimate is essentially unchanged from last year and continues to be the 9-10% range even with variation in market participation, duty rate increases, and an increase in the duty collected.

Table 1: Alcohol tax gap, 2018–19 to 2023–24

Element

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

Population

8,058

10,349

12,288

11,949

11,397

8,198

Gross gap ($m)

721

661

698

747

800

864

Amendments ($m)

162

64

2

2

2

3

Net gap ($m)

558

598

696

745

798

861

Expected collections ($m)

5,798

6,007

7,004

7,435

7,550

8,000

Theoretical liability ($m)

6,356

6,604

7,700

8,180

8,348

8,861

Gross gap (%)

11.3%

10.0%

9.1%

9.1%

9.6%

9.8%

Net gap (%)

8.8%

9.0%

9.0%

9.1%

9.6%

9.7%

This data is presented in Figure 1 as follows.

Figure 1: Net tax gap (percentage) – Alcohol tax gap, 2018–19 to 2023–24

The gross and net gap in percentage terms as outlined in Table 1.

What's driving the gap

Our analysis finds the key driver of the alcohol tax gap is illicit alcohol activity.

There are a number of known illicit alcohol activities and arrangements that have been identified. These include:

  • unauthorised manufacture and unpaid excise duty
  • authorised manufacture with under-reported or unpaid excise duty
  • product diversion
  • cross-border transactions (smuggling or export diversion)
  • deliberate fraud or evasion.

For previously published tax gap figures, see Australian Tax Gaps - Data.gov.auOpens in a new window

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