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Latest estimate and trends for large corporate groups income gap

Compare the 2022–23 large corporate groups income tax gap to trends from previous years.

Published 3 November 2025

Large corporates to voluntarily pay

For 2022–23, we expect large corporates to voluntarily pay more than 94% of what they should. We estimate this to rise to over 96% after our engagement.

Large corporate groups population

A large corporate group has a gross income of over $250 million in a financial year. In 2022–23, large corporate groups:

  • reported $2.86 trillion in gross income
  • generated $376 billion in taxable income
  • returned around $98 billion in expected income tax.

This gap forms a part of our overall tax performance program. Find out about the concept of tax gaps and the latest gaps available.

Overview of the latest estimate

The ATO estimates that the economic activities undertaken by large corporate groups should have generated over $101 billion in income tax for 2022–23. We know that $95 billion was voluntarily reported. This leaves a gap of $6 billion, or 5.9%, and we call this the large corporate groups gross tax gap.

After ATO engagement and compliance action, the gap was reduced to $3.7 billion, or 3.7%, and we call this the large corporate groups net tax gap.

Over the past decade, we've seen steady improvements in voluntary compliance, or gross gap, and large corporate groups are now among the most compliant segments. This has largely been due to the increased focus of the Tax Avoidance Taskforce

The tax gap can be viewed in net and gross terms to show the impact of amendments. Table 1 shows the expected income tax collections, amendments, and net and gross income estimates for the period 2017–18 to 2022–23.

The large corporate group transactions are often complex, taking time to review and resolve. Historically, this has resulted in downward revisions to our current year estimate, and we expect a similar revision down to our 2022–23 tax gap estimate, shown in Table 2.

Table 1: Income tax gap – large corporate groups, 2017–18 to 2022–23

Element

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

Population (entities)

7,420

7,977

8,067

8,278

8,751

8,856

Gross gap ($m)

3,497

5,165

3,073

3,891

6,337

5,987

Amendments ($m)

1,445

2,749

1,270

1,532

2,750

2,267

Net gap ($m)

2,053

2,416

1,803

2,359

3,587

3,720

Expected collections ($m)

52,593

59,135

58,399

69,804

86,589

97,547

Theoretical liability ($m)

54,646

61,550

60,202

72,163

90,176

101,267

Gross gap (%)

6.4

8.4

5.1

5.4

7.0

5.9

Net gap (%)

3.8

3.9

3.0

3.3

4.0

3.7

Table 2: Income tax gap – large corporate groups, current year vs previous year published results

Element

Published year

2017–18

2018–19

2019–20

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

Net tax gap

Current year

3.8%

3.9%

3.0%

3.3%

4.0%

3.7%

Net tax gap

Last year

3.7%

4.0%

3.3%

3.7%

4.1%

n/a

Gross tax gap

Current year

6.4%

8.4%

5.1%

5.4%

7.0%

5.9%

Gross tax gap

Last year

7.0%

8.9%

6.2%

6.1%

6.8%

n/a

Figure 1 displays the trend in the gross and net income tax gap over the same period.

Figure 1: Gross and net income tax gap (percentage) – large corporate groups, 2017–18 to 2022–23

The gross and net Large Corporate Groups gap in percentage terms as outlined in Table 1.

For previously published tax gap figures, see Australian Tax Gaps - Data.gov.auOpens in a new window

 

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