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General deductions and research and development

What are the general deduction and research and development (R&D) provisions.

Published 30 May 2026

General deduction and R&D provisions

The prepayment rules apply only to expenditure which would otherwise qualify for immediate:

  • deduction under the general deduction provisions of section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)
  • notional deduction for eligible companies, under the R&D provisions in sections 355-205 (R&D expenditure) or 355-480 (earlier year associate R&D expenditure) of the ITAA 1997.

You cannot apply the prepayment rules for R&D expenditure incurred to an associate unless it is paid, and would otherwise qualify for a notional deduction under section 355-480.

The prepayment rules don't apply where the expenditure is deductible under a specific deduction provision of the tax law other than those for R&D (that is, other than sections 355-205 or 355-480 of the ITAA 1997).

The general deduction provisions generally allow you to deduct from your assessable income any loss or outgoing incurred in either:

  • gaining or producing your assessable income
  • carrying on a business.

You can't claim a deduction under these provisions for expenditure that is either:

  • of a capital, private or domestic nature
  • incurred in gaining exempt or non-assessable non-exempt income.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, expense and expenditure refer to expenditure that is only allowable as a deduction under the general deduction provisions of section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 or, for eligible companies, under the R&D provisions in sections 355-205 or 355-480 of the ITAA 1997.

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