Reconciliation items
The reconciliation adjustments reconcile accounting profit or loss as shown in the profit or loss account (the accounts) with the net income or loss for income tax purposes.
Work out the reconciliation adjustments if the partnership either:
- includes any amount such as exempt income or non-deductible expenses in the accounts
- has amounts it didn't include that are assessable income or expenditure that is deductible.
Income reconciliation adjustments
Show at label A the net income-related reconciliation adjustments. The amount you include here is the net amount of:
- any add backs that increase the net adjustment
- any subtractions that reduce it.
Income add backs are amounts you didn't show in the accounts, but are assessable income, including timing adjustments. These items increase the total at label A. Examples include:
- any excess of the tax value of closing stock over the tax value of opening stock (other than small business entities using the simplified trading stock rules), see 39 Opening stock and 41 Closing stock
- assessable balancing adjustment amounts on depreciating assets, see Appendix 6
- limited recourse debt amounts, see Appendix 6
- other assessable income you didn't include in the accounts, see Former STS taxpayers.
Income subtractions are income you show in the accounts, but aren't assessable income, including timing adjustments. These items reduce the total you show at label A. Examples include:
- exempt income, including income exempt from Australian tax under a tax treaty (a double tax agreement)
- profit on the sale of a depreciating asset, see Appendix 6
- personal services income (PSI) you include in the assessable income of an individual (attributed amount), see 30 Personal services income
- other income you show in the accounts which isn't assessable for income tax purposes, see Former STS taxpayers
- cash flow boost payments if you include them in other business income.
To calculate the net amount of the income reconciliation adjustments, see Worksheet 1.
If the income subtractions exceed the income add backs, the total is a negative amount. Print L in the box at the right of the amount at label A.
Expense reconciliation adjustments
Show at label B the net expense-related reconciliation adjustments. The amount you include here is the net amount of:
- any add backs that increase the net adjustment
- any subtractions that reduce it.
Expense add backs are expenses you show in the accounts that are either not tax deductible or are only partly tax deductible, including timing adjustments. These items increase the total you show at label B, examples include:
- additions to provisions and reserves
- capital expenditure
- certain expenses relating to PSI that aren't deductible, see 30 Personal services income
- debt deductions denied by the thin capitalisation or debt deduction creation provisions, see Appendix 3
- deductions for vacant land
- depreciation expenses
- expenses relating to exempt income, including expenses relating to DTA exempt income
- hire-purchase payments, see Appendix 6
- income tax expense
- loss on the sale of a depreciating asset, see Appendix 6
- luxury car lease payments, see Appendix 6
- part of prepaid expenses not deductible this year, see Prepaid expenses
- penalties and fines
- amounts of capital expenditure you incur to terminate a lease or licence which you include as lease expenses
- other non-deductible expenses, see Former STS taxpayers.
Depreciation expenses: Add back amounts of depreciation expenses only if the partnership isn't a small business entity using the simplified depreciation rules. However, exclude any small business pool deductions shown at label K Depreciation expenses.
Expense subtractions are amounts you don't show as expenses in the accounts, but that are tax deductible, including timing adjustments. These items reduce the total amount you show at label B, examples include:
- any excess of the taxable value of opening stock over the taxable value of closing stock, see Trading stock on hand
- any expenditure you incur under Subdivision 40-J of the ITAA 1997 to establish trees in carbon sink forests
- deductible balancing adjustment amounts on depreciating assets, see Appendix 6
- deduction for decline in value of depreciating assets (other than partnerships using the small business entity depreciation rules), see Appendix 6
- deduction for environmental protection expenses, see Appendix 6
- deduction for project pool, see Appendix 6
- hire-purchase agreements, interest component, see Appendix 6
- luxury car leases, accrual amount, see Appendix 6
- part of prepaid expenses deductible this year, but not shown in accounts, see Prepaid expenses
- section 40–880 deductions, see Appendix 6
- TOFA rules deductions you don't show in accounts
- the portion of capital expenditure you incur to terminate a lease or licence that is allowable as a deduction
- other deductible items, see Former STS taxpayers.
For information on which new depreciation measure applies to an asset, see Interaction of tax depreciation measures.
If the expense subtractions exceed the expense add backs, the total is a negative amount. Print L in the box at the right of the amount at label B.
To calculate the net amount of the expense reconciliation adjustments, see Worksheet 1.
Former STS taxpayers
If you're eligible and are continuing to use the STS accounting method, you may need to make additional adjustments, see Continued use of the STS accounting method and Appendix 14.
You'll need to make adjustments at item 5 Reconciliation items if either the:
- partnership is using the STS accounting method, and the amounts you show at item 5 aren't based on the STS accounting method
- partnership stops using the STS accounting method.
Use Appendix 14 and Worksheet 1 to help with the calculations.
Trade debtors and creditors on 30 June 2025
If the partnership is eligible, has chosen to continue using the STS accounting method and includes at item 5 amounts of ordinary income that have been derived but not received in 2024–25, the amounts not received aren't assessable – for example, trade debtors on 30 June 2025. Show these amounts as income subtractions at label A Income reconciliation adjustments.
If the partnership is eligible, has chosen to continue using the STS accounting method and includes at item 5 amounts of general deductions, repairs or tax-related expenses that have you incur but are yet to pay in 2024–25, then the amounts aren't deductible – for example, trade creditors on 30 June 2025. Show these amounts as expense add backs at item 5 Reconciliation items label B Expense reconciliation adjustments.
Adjustments when ceasing to use the STS accounting method
Report as follows where the partnership stops using the STS accounting method and changes to an accruals accounting method this year:
- If the partnership didn't previously include at any income label in item 5 amounts of ordinary income that were derived but didn't receive while using the STS accounting method, these amounts are assessable in 2024–25 – for example, trade debtors on 30 June 2024. Show these amounts as income add backs at item 5 Reconciliation items – label A Income reconciliation adjustments.
- If the partnership didn't previously include at any expense labels in item 5 amounts of general deductions, repairs or tax-related expenses that it incurs but not paid while using the STS accounting method, these amounts are deductible in 2024–25 – for example, trade creditors on 30 June 2024. Show these amounts as expense subtractions at item 5 Reconciliation items – label B Expense reconciliation adjustments unless they are tax-related expenses. Include the deduction for tax-related expenses at item 18.
Ceasing to hold depreciating assets
If the partnership ceases holding any depreciating assets during the income year, the following amounts (if any) are income add backs at item 5 Reconciliation items – label A Income reconciliation adjustments:
- the taxable purpose proportion of the termination value of certain assets which the partnership ceases holding, and made a claim for an immediate deduction
- if the closing pool balance of the general small business pool is less than zero, the amount below zero
- assessable balancing adjustment amounts on the disposal of, or on otherwise ceasing to hold, depreciating assets not subject to the small business entity depreciation rules.
Show any deductible balancing adjustment amounts on ceasing to hold depreciating assets not subject to the small business entity depreciation rules as expense subtractions at item 5 Reconciliation items – label B Expense reconciliation adjustments.
Prepaid expenses (immediate deduction)
Small business entities, and entities that would be small business entities if the aggregated annual turnover threshold was less than $50 million, are entitled to an immediate deduction for prepaid expenses if both the:
- expenditure you incur is for a period of service not exceeding 12 months
- eligible service period ends on or before the last day of the next year of income.
If the eligible service period is more than 12 months, or ends after 2025–26, you must apportion the deduction for the expenditure over the eligible service period or 10 years, whichever is less.
The eligible service period is broadly the period over which you'll receive the goods or services.
For more information, see Deductions for prepaid expenses 2025. If expense items include prepaid expenses that differ from the amounts allowable as deductions in 2024–25, make the reconciliation adjustment at item 5 Reconciliation items – label B Expense reconciliation adjustments.
Prepaid expenses (apportionment)
The partnership’s total deduction for prepaid expenses in 2024–25 may include 2 components:
- the part of prepaid expenses you incur in 2024–25 that relate to 2024–25
- the part of the 2023–24 or earlier income year’s expenses not deductible in that income year, but are deductible in 2024–25 under the prepayment rules.
For more information, see Deductions for prepaid expenses 2025.
If expense items include prepaid expenses which differ from the amounts allowable as deductions in 2024–25, make the reconciliation adjustment at item 5 Reconciliation items – label B Expense reconciliation adjustments.
General trading stock on hand rules
You'll need to make reconciliation adjustments where you don't use the tax values of trading stock on hand in calculating the amount you show at item 5 Expenses – label E Cost of sales. Any excess of the tax value of closing stock over the tax value of opening stock would be an income add back. Any excess of the tax value of opening stock over the tax value of closing stock would be an expense subtraction. If you use accounting values for trading stock on hand in calculating the amount you show at label E Cost of sales, you'll need to take further reconciliation adjustments from those amounts.
For more information on calculating the taxable value of trading stock, see 39 Opening stock and 41 Closing stock.
Net income or loss from business
The net income or loss from business is total business income minus total expenses you incur in producing that income, that you adjust by any reconciliation items.
Show the net income or loss from business at label:
- Q for primary production
- R for non-primary production.
If the amount at label Q or R is a loss, print L in the box at the right of the amount.
Show at label S:
- Total business income
- minus, label O Total expenses
- plus, label A Income reconciliation adjustments and label B Expense reconciliation adjustments amounts which are positive
- minus, label A Income reconciliation adjustments and label B Expense reconciliation adjustments amounts that are negative.
If the amount at label S is an overall loss, print L in the box at the right of the amount.
If the partnership made a loss on a business activity, the non-commercial loss rules may affect an individual partner's share of a business loss, see Appendix 7.
Net small business income
Is the partnership a small business entity?
- No – Go to item 6.
- Yes – Read on.
The partnership needs to work out its net small business income. Partners, who are individuals, need to know their share of net small business income so that they can claim the small business income tax offset in their own tax return if eligible.
An individual is only entitled to the offset in respect of a share of net small business income they receive from a small business entity partnership in which they are a partner, where the business income was derived by that partnership from carrying on its own business activities.
Partners who are prescribed persons (under 18 years old and not excepted persons) have an entitlement to the offset on their share if they are actively carrying on the partnership business.
The net small business income is the partnership’s assessable income from carrying on a small business, less deductions to the extent that they are attributable to that assessable income. If the partnership carries on multiple businesses, then combine all the partnership's assessable income and attributable deductions relating to those businesses to work out the net small business income.
If the partnership made a loss on a business activity, the non-commercial loss rules may affect an individual partner's share of net small business income; see Appendix 7.
To work out net small business income, don't include:
- any PSI not produced from conducting a personal services business
- deductions for tax-related expenses
- deductions for gifts or contributions.
Completing this item
Step 1: Did the partnership have business income or deductions at items in the tax return other than item 5 – label S?
- No – The amount at item 5 – label S is the partnership's net small business income, Show this amount at item 5 – label V. You have finished this item, go to item 6.
- Yes – Go to step 2.
Step 2: If the partnership had any of the following, use Worksheet 1A to work out the net small business income:
- foreign source business income at item 23
- attributed foreign business income at item 22
- interest income the partnership earns in the course of carrying on the business at item 11
- dividend income earned in the course of carrying on the business at item 12 – for example, dividends the partnership earns in the course of carrying on a share trading business
- any business income the partnership didn't already show at this item
- any business deductions the partnership didn't already show at this item – for example, debt deductions against foreign source business income the partnership claims at item 18.
Show the net small business income at item 5 – label V. Don't show cents.
Continue to: Income excluding foreign income – items 6 to 9
Return to: Instructions to complete the Partnership tax return 2025