HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1990) 70 LGRA 187

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd (in liq) v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd (in liq) v Darling Harbour Authority (Land and Environment Court (NSW), Cripps J, 1 April 1992, unreported)

Pastoral Finance Association Ltd v Minister [1914] AC 1083

(1907) 5 CLR 418 at 432

[1914] AC 1083

[1914] AC 1083 at 1088

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 89 ; 157 ALR 30

[1981] 1 NSWLR 547

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 200

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 201

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 203-4

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 210

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 162

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 187

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 188

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 188

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 189

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 198-9

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 192

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 197

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 197

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 198

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 202

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 205

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 198

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 174

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 177

(1907) 5 CLR 418 at 441

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 97 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 98 ; 157 ALR 30 at 43-4

(1907) 5 CLR 418

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 101 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 103 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 105-6 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 106 ; 157 ALR 30 at 51

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 106 ; 157 ALR 30 at 51-2

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 107 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 107 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 108 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 96 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 96 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 112 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 98 ; 157 ALR 30

(1907) 5 CLR 418 at 431

Minister for Public Works v Thistlethwayte [1954] AC 475

Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547

[1914] AC 1083

[1970] SASR 94 at 100

Minister of Works v Robinson (1965) 13 LGRA 390

Franke v CIC General Insurance Ltd (The " Coral ") (1994) 33 NSWLR 373 at 376; Fire & All Risks Insurance Co Ltd v Rousianos (1989) 19 NSWLR 57 at 65-8; Roumeli Food Stores (NSW) Pty Ltd v New India Assurance Co Ltd [1972] 1 NSWLR 227 at 236-8; Randell v Atlantica Insurance Co Ltd (1985) 80 FLR 253 at 285-7; Halsbury's Laws of England , 4th ed, vol 25, para 655

cf Turner v Minister of Public Information (1956) 95 CLR 245 at 292 per Kitto J

[1954] AC 475 at 491

(1953) 90 CLR 157 at 164

[1963] NSWR 1252

[1963] NSWR 1252 at 1256

Rosenbaum v Minister for Public Works (1964) 82 WN (Pt 2) (NSW) 220 at 229 per Walsh J; Altona Estate Pty Ltd v Shire of Altona (1966) 20 The Valuer 63; Nahum v Roads and Traffic Authority (Land and Environment Court (NSW), Bignold J, 2 November 1990, unreported)

Chapman v Minister [1966] 2 NSWR 65 ; Yarn Traders Pty Ltd v Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works [1970] VR 427 ; Fisher v Minister (1980) 38 LGRA 412 ; Redwood Court Pty Ltd v Roads Corp (1992) 76 LGRA 358

[1970] VR 427 at 433

[1981] 1 NSWLR 547

[1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 557

[1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 573

See Fricke, Compulsory Acquisition of Land in Australia (2nd ed, 1982) pp 32, 104 and 105; Brown, Land Acquisition (2nd ed, 1983), paras 3.19 and 4.05; Hyam, The Law Affecting the Valuation of Land in Australia (1983) pp 144-7; Australian Law Reform Commission, Lands Acquisition and Compensation , Report No 14 (1980), paras 234-9

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

For example, Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 573; Fricke, Compulsory Acquisition of Land in Australia (2nd ed, 1982) p 32

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713

[1963] NSWR 1252

Marks v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (1998) 158 ALR 333 at 339, 344-5, 357, 375 ; 73 ALJR 12 at 16 per Gaudron J, 20-1 per McHugh, Hayne and Callinan JJ, 29 per Gummow J, 42 per Kirby J

See Wardley Australia Ltd v Western Australia (1992) 175 CLR 514 at 526 ; 109 ALR 247 per Mason CJ, Dawson, Gaudron and McHugh JJ

See Wardley Australia Ltd v Western Australia (1992) 175 CLR 514 at 526 ; 109 ALR 247 per Mason CJ, Dawson, Gaudron and McHugh JJ; Marks v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (1998) 158 ALR 333 at 344 ; 73 ALJR 12 at 19 per McHugh, Hayne and Callinan JJ, and Kenny & Good Pty Ltd v MGICA (1992) Ltd (1999) 163 ALR 611 at 621 ; 73 ALJR 901 at 907 per Gaudron J

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

Yates v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201 .

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

See, for example, the decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in Keefe v Marks (1989) 16 NSWLR 713 and the decision of the English Court of Appeal in Arthur JS Hall & Co (A Firm) v Simons [1999] 3 WLR 873 , in respect of which the House of Lords granted leave to appeal on 19 May 1999 ( [1999] 3 WLR 873 at 921)

(1988) 165 CLR 543 at 560; 81 ALR 417

Yates v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 219

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 114 ; 157 ALR 30

North Ganalanja Aboriginal Corp v Queensland (1996) 185 CLR 595 at 642 ; 135 ALR 225

See MacRae v Stevens (1996) Aust Torts Rep 81-405

See Gazley v Lord Cooke of Thorndon [1999] 2 NZLR 668 at 674-5; The Honourable Justice Ipp, "Lawyers' Duties to the Court" (1998) 114 Law Quarterly Review 63

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 ; 157 ALR 30

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

Such as those contained in s 12C of the Darling Harbour Authority Act 1984 (NSW) incorporating by reference Public Works Act 1912 (NSW) s 124

The phrase was first used by Handley JA in Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 188

Giannarelli v Wraith (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 560 ; 81 ALR 417 (hereafter " Giannarelli ")

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 114 ; 157 ALR 30

cf Keefe v Marks (1989) 16 NSWLR 713 at 719; Rees v Sinclair [1974] 1 NZLR 180 at 187

Hawkins v Clayton (1988) 164 CLR 539 ; 78 ALR 69

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 ; Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 . See also as to Scotland: Purves v Landell (1845) 12 Cl & Fin 91 ; 8 ER 1332 ; Batchelor v Pattison and Makersy (1876) 3 R 914 at 918

Rees v Sinclair [1974] 1 NZLR 180 ; Biggar v McLeod [1978] 2 NZLR 9 ; Glasgow Harley v McDonald (NZCA, 11 August 1999, unreported)

Mulligan v M'Donagh (1860) 2 LT 136 ; Robertson v Macdonogh (1880) 6 LR Ir 433

See recommendations for legislative change: Law Reform Commission of Victoria, Access to the Law : Accountability of the Legal Profession , Report No 48 (1992) at 50

Sections 52, 82

Sections 42, 68

The primary judge held that, if it had been necessary for her to decide the point, she would have concluded otherwise: Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 212-16

Devries v Australian National Railways Commission (1993) 177 CLR 472 ; 112 ALR 641 ; Jones v R (1997) 191 CLR 439 at 466-7 ; 149 ALR 578 ; State Rail Authority of New South Wales v Earthline Constructions Pty Ltd (in liq ) (1999) 160 ALR 588 at 619-20 ; 73 ALJR 306 at 330; Lend Lease Developments Pty Ltd v Zemlicka (1985) 3 NSWLR 207 at 209-10

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 159

Griffiths v R (1977) 137 CLR 293 at 310, 326-7 ; 15 ALR 1 ; Veen v R (No 2 ) (1988) 164 CLR 465 at 476 ; 77 ALR 385 ; R v Olbrich (1999) 166 ALR 330 at 341; Inge v R (1999) 166 ALR 312 at 324

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (Land and Environment Court (NSW), 1 April 1992, unreported)

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 220-1 (Mr Webster) and 222 (the solicitors)

The Legal Profession Act 1987 (NSW) s 4(1) introduced common admission for "legal practitioners". This change has no application or relevance to the present proceedings

(1988) 165 CLR 543 at 560; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ

Keefe v Marks (1989) 16 NSWLR 713 was an application for leave to appeal from a decision of a District Court judge striking out a statement of claim or alternatively for an order under the Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW) s 69 quashing the order in question. The statement of claim had been struck out in the District Court on the basis that the claim was inadmissible in law.

Donellan v Watson (1990) 21 NSWLR 335

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1987) 145 ALR 169 at 222

(1987) 145 ALR 169 at 222, citing the submission of the solicitors

Per Gleeson CJ at [97]; per Gummow J at [112]-[114]; per Callinan J at [363]

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713 at 725 per Priestley JA

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 at 114 ; 157 ALR 30

MacRae v Stevens (1996) Aust Torts Rep 81-405 at 63,690 per Beazley JA

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 114; 157 ALR 30

cf Osman v United Kingdom (European Court of Human Rights, 28 October 1998, unreported) at paras 150-4; Lord Hoffmann, "Human Rights and the House of Lords" (1999) 62 Modern Law Review 159 at 164; Arthur JS Hall & Co (A Firm) v Simons [1999] 3 WLR 873 at 882

Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 218-19 per Lord Diplock, 228-9 per Lord Salmon

See, for example, Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479 ; 109 ALR 625 ; Chappel v Hart (1998) 195 CLR 232 ; 156 ALR 517 ; Woods v Lowns (1995) 36 NSWLR 344 , affd (1996) Aust Torts Rep 81-376

Ross and MacFarlane, Lawyers' Responsibility and Accountability : Cases, Problems and Commentary (1997) p 330; Masel, Professional Negligence of Lawyers, Accountants, Bankers and Brokers (2nd ed, 1989) p 192; Heerey, "Looking Over the Advocates' Shoulder: An Australian View of Rondel v Worsley " (1968) 42 ALJ 3 at 7; Brookes, "Time to Abolish Lawyers' Immunity from Suit" (1999) 24(4) Alternative Law Journal 175; Williams, "Immunity in Retreat?" (1999) 15 Professional Negligence 75; Hocking, "An Immunity Built on Shifting Sands: The Barrister, the Expert, the Judge and the Law" (1999) 15 Professional Negligence 185; Yeo, "Dismantling Barristerial Immunity" (1998) 14 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 12

cf Law Reform Commission of Victoria, Access to the Law : Accountability of the Legal Profession , Report No 48 (1992) p 23. Note the abolition of the immunity was supported in Victoria by the Law Institute (representing solicitors) but opposed by the Bar Council and members of the Judiciary

Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 219 per Lord Diplock; Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 594; 81 ALR 417 per Dawson J

Re Le Brasseur and Oakley [1896] 2 Ch 487 at 494; Robertson v Macdonogh (1880) 6 LR Ir 433 at 438; cf Rondel v Worsley [1967] 1 QB 443 at 513 per Danckwerts LJ (CA); Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 at 292-3 per Lord Pearson

Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 at 240-4, 258-63, 277-9, 288-9; Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 555; 81 ALR 417

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 555; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ discussing Rondel generally; see also Hawkins v Clayton (1988) 164 CLR 539 ; 78 ALR 69 ; Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465

[1964] AC 465

Mutual Life & Citizens' Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt (1968) 122 CLR 556 ; Mutual Life & Citizens' Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt (1970) 122 CLR 628 (PC)

See, for example, the remarks of Kindersley VC in Re May (1854) 4 Jur NS 1169 to the effect that he would "never willingly derogate from the high position in which a barrister stands and by which he is distinguished from an ordinary tradesman". cf Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 575; 81 ALR 417 per Wilson J

Sir William Brett MR in Munster v Lamb (1883) 11 QBD 588 at 603; Cabassi v Vila (1940) 64 CLR 130 ; Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 558; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ; Glasgow Harley v McDonald (NZCA, 11 August 1999, unreported)

Rondel v Worsley [1967] 1 QB 443 at 517-18 per Salmon LJ (CA)

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 556; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ

Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 at 227-8; cf Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 212 per Lord Wilberforce

(1989) 165 CLR 543 at 559-60; 81 ALR 417

Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 220 per Lord Diplock

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 556; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ

cf Cabassi v Vila (1940) 64 CLR 130 and Munster v Lamb (1883) 11 QBD 588 . Many of the cases which are commonly cited in this connection concern the defences available in actions for defamation where the applicable privilege is separate and narrower than a general immunity from suit for negligence

(1989) 165 CLR 543 at 560; 81 ALR 417

[1974] 1 NZLR 180 at 187

See, for example, Keefe v Marks (1989) 16 NSWLR 713 and MacRae v Stevens (1996) Aust Torts Rep 81-405

This was one of the policy bases expressed in Rondel v Worsley [1967] 1 QB 443 at 504 per Lord Denning, 518-19 per Salmon LJ (CA); Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 at 248-51 per Lord Morris; Giannarelli (1988) 81 ALR 417 ; 165 CLR 543 at 558 per Mason CJ, 574 per Wilson J, 594-5 per Dawson J

Giannarelli (1989) 165 CLR 543 at 556; 81 ALR 417 per Mason CJ. See also Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 at 272-3; cf Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 222-3, 235-6. In Arthur JS Hall & Co (A Firm) v Simons [1999] 3 WLR 873 at 900 it was held that an action classified as not more than a collateral attack in an earlier judgment would be treated as an abuse of process and would ordinarily be struck out on that ground

O'Neill v Gray 30 F 2d 776 (1929) cert denied 279 US 865 (1929); Armstrong v Adams 283 P 871 (1929); Young v Jones 256 SE 2 d 58 (1979); Smith v Becnel 396 So 2d 444 (1981); Rapuzzi v Stetson 145 NYS 455 (1914)

McCullough v Sullivan 132 A 102 (1926); Hodges v Carter 80 SE 2d 144 (1954)

Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191

(1979) 95 DLR (3d) 385 followed in Hunter v Roe [1990] 6 WWR 85 ; Guardian Insurance Co v McCullogh (1988) 87 NBR (2d) 210

Winrob v Street (1959) 19 DLR (2d) 172; Karpenko v Paroian, Courey, Cohen & Houston (1980) 117 DLR (3d) 383 at 397; Garrant v Moskal [1985] 2 WWR 80 at 82 (affd [1985] 6 WWR 31 ); Linden, Canadian Tort Law (6th ed, 1997) p 151

For example, in World Wide Treasure Adventures Inc v Trivia Games Inc (1987) 16 BCLR (2d) 135; Location Panorama Inc v Gaucher [1991] RJQ 1237

[1985] 2 WWR 80 at 82 citing Demarco v Ungaro (1979) 95 DLR (3d) 385

These may extend, in exceptional circumstances, to costs against the advocate personally: McDonald v FAI (NZ) General Insurance Co Ltd [1999] 1 NZLR 583

Heerey, "Looking Over the Advocate's Shoulder: An Australian View of Rondel v Worsley " (1968) 42 ALJ 3 at 8

In the 27 months between May 1985 when Marks J in the Supreme Court of Victoria held that the barristers in Giannarelli were liable in negligence and before the reversal of that decision by the Full Court of the Supreme Court of Victoria in August 1987, there was no evidence either of an increase of the number of claims for negligence against barristers nor of the duration of criminal trials conducted by barristers. See Law Reform Commission of Victoria, Access to the Law : Accountability of the Legal Profession , Report No 48 (1992) p 35

cf New Zealand Social Credit Political League Inc v O'Brien [1984] 1 NZLR 84 at 96

Locke v Camberwell Health Authority [1991] 2 Med LR 249 at 254

Ridehalgh v Horsefield [1994] Ch 205 at 237

Acton v Graham Pearce & Co (a firm ) [1997] 3 All ER 909 at 924

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713 at 724

Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd (1998) 194 CLR 395 at 403, 417-18 ; 155 ALR 614

Section 6DD

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 554; 81 ALR 417

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 559, 569; 81 ALR 417 ; cf Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 at 227-9 per Lord Salmon

An analogous point was made by Meagher JA in Keefe v Marks (1989) 16 NSWLR 713 at 728

Mason CJ, Wilson, Brennan, and Dawson JJ

Deane, Toohey and Gaudron JJ

Toohey J (Gaudron J agreeing)

Law Reform Commission of Victoria, Access to the Law : Accountability of the Legal Profession , Report No 48 (1992) p 30 para 64; cf Carmel v Lunney 511 NE 2 d 1126 (1987)

Giannarelli (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 587-8; 81 ALR 417

(1988) 165 CLR 543 at 588; 81 ALR 417

[1969] 1 AC 191 at 231

[1980] AC 198 at 219-20

[1980] AC 198 at 231

[1980] AC 198 at 219

[1969] 1 AC 191

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713

cf Arthur JS Hall & Co (A Firm) v Simons [1999] 3 WLR 873 at 901, 904

Thus Olsson J did in R v Bednikov (1997) 193 LSJS 254 at 284. See Inge v R (1999) 166 ALR 312 at 321; cf Australian Boot Trade Employés' Federation v Whybrow & Co (1910) 11 CLR 311 where Higgins J participated in a challenge, on constitutional grounds, to an award he had earlier made in the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. His Honour concurred in upholding the challenge. See also Collins v R (1975) 133 CLR 120 at 124 ; 8 ALR 150 per McTiernan J in relation to earlier participation in the making of a rule of court in question in the proceedings

Thellusson v Rendlesham (1859) 7 HLC 429 at 430 ; 11 ER 172 at 173

An expression used by Brennan J in Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 191 at 224 ; 42 ALR 1 ; cf Webb Distributors (Aust) Pty Ltd v Victoria (1993) 179 CLR 15 at 37 ; 117 ALR 321 ; Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 215

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 161 per Kirby P, 163 per Mahoney JA, 183-90 per Handley JA

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 185 per Handley JA

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 188 per Handley JA

(1992) 24 NSWLR 156 at 185 per Handley JA

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 196 per Cripps J

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 164

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 161-2 per Kirby P, 189 per Handley JA

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (Land and Environment Court (NSW), 1 April 1992, unreported) per Cripps J

Per Callinan J at [233]

Such as Ward v Housing Commission of New South Wales (1951) 19 LGR (NSW) 77; Kennedy Street Pty Ltd v Minister [1963] NSWR 1252 ; Baringa Enterprises Pty Ltd v Manly Municipal Council (1965) 15 LGRA 201 at 202; Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1990) 70 LGRA 187

Yates v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169

Yates Property Corp v Boland (1998) 85 FCR 84 ; 157 ALR 30

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 210

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 198

(1907) 5 CLR 418

[1914] AC 1083 at 1088

Commissioner of Succession Duties (SA) v Executor Trustee and Agency Co of South Australia Ltd (1947) 74 CLR 358 ; Moreton Club v Commonwealth (1948) 77 CLR 253 ; Commonwealth v Reeve (1949) 78 CLR 410 ; Commonwealth v Arklay (1952) 87 CLR 159 ; Turner v Minister of Public Instruction (1956) 95 CLR 245 ; G & R Wills & Co Ltd v Adelaide Corp (1962) 108 CLR 1

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Darling Harbour Authority (1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 197, 202

Commenced 28 September 1984

See Pointe Gourde Quarrying and Transport Co Ltd v Sub-Intendent of Crown Lands [1947] AC 565

Spencer v Commonwealth (1907) 5 CLR 418

[1963] NSWR 1252

Public Works Act ss 101, 124

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 190

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 195-7

(1907) 5 CLR 418

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 196

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 197-8

(1949) 78 CLR 410

(1949) 78 CLR 410 at 420 (emphasis added)

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 201

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 204-5

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 210

(1949) 78 CLR 410

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 188

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 162

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 162 (footnote omitted)

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 170

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 168

Hyam, The Law Affecting Valuation of Land in Australia (2nd ed, 1995) pp 212-21; Birmingham Corp v West Midland Baptist (Trust) Association [1970] AC 874 at 894

Section 6(3) of the Trade Practices Act provides:

"In addition to the effect that this Act, other than Parts IIIA and X, has as provided by subsection (2), the provisions of Part IVA and of Divisions 1, 1A and 1AA of Part V have, by force of this subsection, the effect they would have if:

(a)

those provisions (other than section 55) were, by express provision, confined in their operation to engaging in conduct to the extent to which the conduct involves the use of postal, telegraphic or telephonic services or takes place in a radio or television broadcast; and

(b)

a reference in those provisions to a corporation included a reference to a person not being a corporation."

See, for example, Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594 at 603-4 ; 92 ALR 193 at 197 per Mason CJ, Deane, Dawson and Gaudron JJ:"[I]t is plain that s 52 was not intended to extend to all conduct, regardless of its nature, in which a corporation might engage in the course of, or for the purposes of, its overall trading or commercial business. Put differently, the section was not intended to impose, by a side-wind, an overlay of Commonwealth law upon every field of legislative control into which a corporation might stray for the purposes of, or in connection with, carrying on its trading or commercial activities. What the section is concerned with is the conduct of a corporation towards persons, be they consumers or not, with whom it (or those whose interests it represents or is seeking to promote) has or may have dealings in the course of those activities or transactions which, of their nature, bear a trading or commercial character."

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 205

Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd v Boland (1997) 145 ALR 169 at 185-6

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 159

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

[1975] 1 SCR 458

[1972] SCR 600

[1914] AC 1083 at 1087

(1956) 95 CLR 245 at 268

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 95; 157 ALR 30 at 40

Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 573

Arkaba Holdings Ltd v Commissioner of Highways [1970] SASR 94 at 100

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 95; 157 ALR 30 at 41

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 95; 157 ALR 30 at 41

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 98; 157 ALR 30

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 99; 157 ALR 30

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 114; 157 ALR 30

[1920] 2 KB 47 at 60-1

[1963] NSWR 1252

[1963] NSWR 1252

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

Lands Acquisition Act 1989 (Cth) s 55(2); Lands Acquisition Act 1994 (ACT) s 46; Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (NSW) s 56; Acquisition of Land Act 1967 (Qld) s 20(2); Land Acquisition Act 1969 (SA) s 25(1)(c); Land Acquisition Act 1993 (Tas) s 27; Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986 (Vic) s 41(1)(a); Land Acquisition and Public Works Act 1902 (WA) s 63(a)

Spencer v Commonwealth (1907) 5 CLR 418

Spencer v Commonwealth (1907) 5 CLR 418 at 432

Spencer v Commonwealth (1907) 5 CLR 418 at 441

Kentucky Fried Chicken Pty Ltd v Gantidis (1979) 140 CLR 675 ; 24 ALR 161

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 168

(1999) 160 ALR 638 at 715; 73 ALJR 345 at 401

[1979] AC 426 at 435, 437

[1982] 2 All ER 842 at 851; [1982] 1 WLR 1055 at 1064-5

[1981] 1 All ER 267 at 276; [1981] 1 WLR 246 at 256-7

City of Halifax v S Cunard & Co Ltd [1975] 1 SCR 458 ; Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto v Loblaw Groceterias Co Ltd [1972] SCR 600

From "Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der Nationalökonomie des klassischen Alterthums", in Hildebrand's Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik , iv, p 343 et seq, quoted in Seligman, Essays in Taxation , 10th ed (rev) (1931) p 11

Essays in Taxation , 10th ed (rev) (1931) p 11

Parker v Commonwealth (1965) 112 CLR 295 at 308-11 per Windeyer J; Husher v Husher (1999) 165 ALR 384 ; 73 ALJR 1414

(1979) 44 LGRA 34 at 38

(1976) 12 ALR 201 at 207

(1951) 84 CLR 328 at 340-1

Australian Provincial Assurance Association Ltd v Commissioner of Land Tax [1942] ALR 156 ; Dymock's Book Arcade v FCT (1937) 4 The Valuer 403 at 406 per McTiernan J

[1942] ALR 156 at 158

(1956) 95 CLR 245

City of Halifax v S Cunard & Co Ltd [1975] 1 SCR 458 at 463-4 per Spence J; Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto v Loblaw Groceterias Co Ltd [1972] SCR 600 at 604-5, 616 per Spence J, 622-3 per Hall J

(1991) 24 NSWLR 156 at 162

See, for example, s 79C of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW)

Australian Law Reform Commission, Lands Acquisition and Compensation, Report No 14 (1980), para 239

[1914] AC 1083

(1953) 90 CLR 157 at 164

Emphasis added. For similar statements of this principle, see also Emerald Quarry Industries Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Highways (SA ) (1979) 142 CLR 351 at 366 ; 24 ALR 37 per Mason J; Universal Sands & Minerals Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1980) 30 ALR 637 at 640

Australian Law Reform Commission, Lands Acquisition and Compensation, Report No 14 (1980), para 241

See also Horn v Sunderland Corp [1941] 2 KB 26 and Dell Holdings Ltd v Toronto Area Transit Operating Authority (1995) 22 OR (3d) 733

See Jacobs, The Law of Resumption and Compensation in Australia (1998), paras 22.7.2 and 22.8

Lands Acquisition Act 1989 (Cth) s 55(2)(c), Lands Acquisition Act 1994 (ACT) s 45(2)(c) allow compensation for "loss, injury or damage" suffered as a result of the acquisition

For a discussion of "reinstatement" and the circumstances in which as a separate basis for compensation it may be available, see Hope JA in Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 553-4

Arkaba Holdings Ltd v Commissioner of Highways [1970] SASR 94

(1972) 1 LCR 340 (Court of Appeal of Ontario)

Terrapin Ltd v Builders' Supply Co (Hayes) Ltd [1967] RPC 375 at 391 and see Gurry, Breach of Confidence (1984) at 245 et seq. See also the discussion of "head start" in the field of fiduciary relations in Hospital Products Ltd v United States Surgical Corp (1984) 156 CLR 41 at 110-12 ; 55 ALR 417 per Mason J

(1999) 160 ALR 588 ; 73 ALJR 306 at [93] per Kirby J, [153] per Callinan J

(1999) 164 ALR 405 ; 73 ALJR 1138 at [68]

See Jacobs, The Law of Resumption and Compensation in Australia (1998), paras 22.7.2 and 22.8.

Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994) 179 CLR 520 ; 120 ALR 43 ; Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd (1994) 182 CLR 104 ; 124 ALR 1 ; Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corp (1997) 189 CLR 520 ; 145 ALR 96 . See also the discussion by Brennan J of presumptions as to the state of the law from time to time in Giannarelli v Wraith (1988) 165 CLR 543 at 583-6 ; 81 ALR 417

Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1 ; 141 ALR 129 ; Gould v Brown (1998) 193 CLR 346 ; 151 ALR 395 ; Re Wakim ; Ex parte McNally (1999) 163 ALR 270 ; 73 ALJR 839

(1997) 188 CLR 241 at 282-3; 142 ALR 750 at 781-2

cf Rusch Factors Inc v Levin 284 F Supp 85 at 91 (1968); Rosenblum v Adler 461 A 2d 138 at 151-2 (1983)

See Siliciano, "Negligent Accounting and the Limits of Instrumental Tort Reform" (1988) 86 Michigan Law Review 1929 at 1971

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 87; 157 ALR 30

(1990) 70 LGRA 187 at 197

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 87; 157 ALR 30

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 96; 157 ALR 30

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 107; 157 ALR 30

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 112; 157 ALR 30

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 199

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 174

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 201

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 183

(1997) 145 ALR 169 at 198

See Hyam, The Law Affecting the Valuation of Land in Australia (1983) pp 147-9; Brown, Land Acquisition (2nd ed, 1983) pp 192, 193

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 98; 157 ALR 30

[1963] NSWR 1252

[1963] NSWR 1252 at 1256

[1914] AC 1083

(1965) 15 LGRA 201

(1965) 15 LGRA 201 at 205

[1914] AC 1083

(1965) 15 LGRA 201 at 205

[1981] 1 NSWLR 547 at 573

(1964) 82 WN (Pt 2) (NSW) 220 at 229

[1966] 2 NSWR 65

[1966] 2 NSWR 65 at 78

(1968) 20 The Valuer 63 at 69

(1968) 16 LGRA 6 at 12

(1968) 35 QCLLR 109

(1968) 35 QCLLR 109 at 129

[1970] VR 427

[1970] SASR 94 at 102-3

(1980) 38 LGRA 412

(1983) 53 LGRA 75

(1988) 64 LGRA 265

Land and Environment Court of New South Wales, 2 November 1990, unreported, at 6

[1914] AC 1083

[1914] AC 1083 at 1088

(1951) 84 CLR 328

Australian Provincial Assurance Association Ltd v Commissioner of Land Tax [1942] ALR 156

Dymock's Book Arcade v FCT (1937) 4 The Valuer 403

Horn v Sunderland Corp [1941] 2 KB 26

(1948) 77 CLR 253 at 257

(1907) 5 CLR 418 at 438

(1947) 74 CLR 358 at 373-4

(1998) 85 FCR 84 at 97; 157 ALR 30

(1974) 131 CLR 510 at 517; 4 ALR 93 at 99. See also Whitehorn v R (1983) 152 CLR 657 at 682; 49 ALR 448 per Dawson J

(1988) 165 CLR 543 ; 81 ALR 417

(1989) 16 NSWLR 713 at 719

(1988) 165 CLR 543 at 555; 81 ALR 417 at 420

Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191 ; Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198

(1988) 165 CLR 543 at 557; 81 ALR 417 at 422

(1996) Aust Torts Rep 81-405

Astley v Austrust Ltd (1999) 161 ALR 155 at 181-2 ; 73 ALJR 403 at 423 per Gleeson CJ, McHugh, Gummow and Hayne JJ