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Ruling

Subject: Residence

Question and answer:

Are you a resident of Australia for tax purposes?

No.

This ruling applies for the following periods:

Year ended 30 June 2012

Year ended 30 June 2013

Year ended 30 June 2014

Year ended 30 June 2015

The scheme commenced on:

1 July 2011

Relevant facts and circumstances

You are an Australian and foreign citizen. You were naturalised as an Australian.

Your country of origin is not Australia.

You left Australia some years ago.

You have a foreign residency visa which is renewed annually.

You changed your employer before 2011.

Your spouse has not accompanied you.

You have adult children.

You provide no financial support for your wife or children.

You will remain abroad for the full term of your employment until your project ends.

Your spouse purchased a house which is now their permanent place of residence. This property is registered in their name.

You hold shares and have a bank account in Australia.

You do not own any real property or any other assets in Australia.

You took most of your personal belongings with your.

You reside in a fully furnished apartment abroad, by yourself.

You return to Australia approximately two to three times per year.

You plan to remain abroad for another 10 to 15 years.

You have no intention to return to Australia except for short family visits per year.

You have a locally issued driver's licence overseas.

You are not an eligible member of the Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme, nor the Public Service Superannuation Scheme.

Relevant legislative provisions

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 6-5

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 104-10

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 136-10

Reasons for decision

Residence

Section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) provides that where you are a resident of Australia for taxation purposes, your assessable income includes income gained from all sources, whether in or out of Australia.  However, where you are a foreign resident, your assessable income includes only income derived from an Australian source. 

The terms 'resident' and 'resident of Australia', in regard to an individual, are defined in subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). The definition provides four tests to ascertain whether a taxpayer is a resident of Australia for income tax purposes. These tests are: 

· the resides test,

· the domicile test,

· the 183 day test, and

· the superannuation test.

The first two tests are examined in detail in Taxation Ruling IT 2650.

The primary test for deciding the residency status of an individual is whether the individual resides in Australia according to the ordinary meaning of the word resides.

However, where an individual does not reside in Australia according to ordinary concepts, they may still be considered to be a resident of Australia for tax purposes if they meet the conditions of one of the other three tests.

The resides test

The ordinary meaning of the word 'reside', according to the Macquarie Dictionary, 2001, rev. 3^rd edition, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, NSW, is 'to dwell permanently or for a considerable time; having one's abode for a time', and according to the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1987), is 'to dwell permanently, or for a considerable time, to have one's settled or usual abode, to live in or at a particular place'.

Although the question of whether a person resides in a particular country is a question of fact, the courts have referred to and taken into account various factors considered to be relevant. These are:

· whether the person is physically present in that country at some time during the year of income

· the history of the person's residence and movements

· if the person is a visitor to the country, the frequency, regularity, duration and purpose of the visits

· if the person is outside the country for part of the relevant income year, the purpose of the absences

· the family and business ties which the person has with the particular country, and

· whether a place of abode is maintained by the person in the relevant country or is available for his or her use while there.

You spend more than 11 months of the year abroad in Country B.

You return to Australia for brief family visits.

You work and live abroad.

On the weight of your circumstances, you are not a resident of Australia under this test.

The domicile test

Under this test, a person is a resident of Australia for tax purposes if their domicile is in Australia, unless the Commissioner is satisfied that their permanent place of abode is outside of Australia.

Domicile

Domicile is a legal concept, determined according to the Domicile Act 1982 and common law rules established by private international law cases.

Domicile is the place that is considered by law to be your permanent home. It is usually something more than a place of residence.

Since you have taken steps to acquire Australian citizenship you have not taken action or made any decision to return to Country A, therefore your domicile is Australia.

You are considered to have maintained your Australian domicile.

Permanent place of abode

It is clear from the case law that a person's permanent place of abode cannot be ascertained by the application of any hard and fast rules. It is a question of fact to be determined in the light of all the circumstances of each case.

The courts have considered a person's 'place of abode' is where they consider 'home'. In R v Hammond (1982) ER 1477, Lord Campbell CJ stated that "a man's residence, where he lives with his family and sleeps at night, is always his place of abode in the full sense of that expression."

A place of abode must exhibit the attributes of a place of residence or a place to live, as contrasted with the overnight, weekly or monthly accommodation of a traveller.

Paragraph 23 of IT 2650 sets out the following factors which are used by the Commissioner in reaching a state of satisfaction as to a taxpayer's permanent place of abode:

a) the intended and actual length of the taxpayer's stay in the overseas country;

b) whether the taxpayer intended to stay in the overseas country only temporarily and then to move on to another country or to return to Australia at some definite point in time;

c) whether the taxpayer has established a home (in the sense of dwelling place; a house or other shelter that is the fixed residence of a person, a family, or a household), outside Australia;

d) whether any residence or place of abode exists in Australia or has been abandoned because of the overseas absence;

e) the duration and continuity of the taxpayer's presence in the overseas country; and

f) the durability of association that the person has with a particular place in Australia, i.e. maintaining bank accounts in Australia, informing government departments such as the Department of Social Security that he or she is leaving permanently and that family allowance payments should be stopped, place of education of the taxpayer's children, family ties and so on.

In relation to the weight to be given to each of the above factors, paragraph 24 of IT 2650 states:

The weight to be given to each factor will vary with the individual circumstances of each particular case and no single factor will be decisive… however… greater weight should be given to factors (c), (e) and (f) than to the remaining factors, though these are still, of course, relevant.

You have lived abroad for 6 years and intend to remain there for a further 10 to 15 years.

For the foreseeable future, you intend to remain abroad.

You have a fully furnished home abroad where your personal effects are held.

You do not own a property in your name in Australia. When you come to Australia you stay with your wife in her property.

Your association with Australia is strong as your wife and children are here although you do not financially support them. You maintain a bank account here.

On the weight of your circumstances the Commissioner is satisfied that you have established a permanent place of abode outside of Australia.

Therefore, you are not a resident of Australia under this test.

The 183 day test

Under the 183 day test, a person is a resident of Australia if they are actually physically present in Australia for more than 183 days in an income year unless the Commissioner is satisfied that their usual permanent place of abode is outside of Australia and they have no intention of taking up residence here.

As you are not present in Australia for more than half of any financial year, you are not a resident under this test.

The superannuation test

A person will be considered a resident under the Commonwealth superannuation fund test if they currently contribute to certain superannuation funds for Commonwealth government employees. The eligible funds are funds:

· established under the Superannuation Act 1976 (such as the Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme), or

· established under the Superannuation Act 1990 (such as the Public Sector Superannuation Scheme), or

· the spouse or child under 16 of a person covered by either of the above funds.

In your case, neither you nor your spouse is eligible to contribute to the abovementioned superannuation schemes.

Therefore, you are not a resident of Australia under this test.

Your residency status

As you do not meet any of the above tests, you are not a resident of Australia for tax purposes.

As you are not a resident of Australia, according to subsection 6-5(3) of the ITAA 1997, your assessable income only includes income gained from sources in Australia.