Edited version of your private ruling

Authorisation Number: 1012494649931

Ruling

Subject: Lump sum payment from a foreign superannuation fund

Question:

Is any part of the benefit transferred to an Australian superannuation fund from your client's overseas pension fund assessable as applicable fund earnings under section 305-75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997?

Advice/Answers:

Yes.

This ruling applies for the following period:

1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013

The scheme commenced on:

1 July 2012

Relevant facts:

Your client migrated to Australia as a permanent resident some years ago.

Your client transferred your client's benefit from an overseas fund (the foreign Fund) in full to Australia.

You have advised that:

· the foreign Fund was not able to provide your client with a transfer value as at the date your client became an Australian resident.

· your client received a lump sum payment in the relevant income year.

Your client transferred their benefits in the foreign Fund to a complying Australian superannuation fund (the Australian Fund)

Since your client's benefits were transferred to the Australian fund your client has no other interest in the foreign Fund.

No contributions have been made to the foreign Fund by your client, or anyone on behalf of your client, since your client became a resident of Australia.

There have been no transfers into the foreign Fund from other foreign pension schemes by your client since becoming a resident of Australia.

From the information you have provided your client could not access the benefits in the foreign Fund other than at retirement.

Your client is under 55 years of age.

Assumptions:

Section 357-110 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA) gives the Commissioner a power to make assumptions which he considers to be most appropriate.

You were advised that, as your client could not provide the total transfer value of her benefits in the foreign Fund as at the day before your client became an Australian resident, an assumption will be made.

You have agreed to an assumption being made, based on changes in the foreign country retail and consumer price indices, that the rate of return in the Fund, between the day before your client became a resident of Australia, and the date the lump sum payment was received, was a certain per cent.

Based on this rate of return, the Commissioner is prepared to assume that the transfer value of your client's superannuation entitlement on the date before your client became a resident of Australia.

Relevant legislative provisions:

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 295-95(2).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 305-70.

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 305-75.

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75(2).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75(3).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Paragraph 305-75(3)(a).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Paragraph 305-75(3)(b).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Paragraph 305-75(3)(c).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Paragraph 305-75(3)(d).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75(5).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75(6).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 960-50.

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 960-50(1).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 960-50(4).

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 995-1(1).

Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 10.

Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 19.

Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 62.

Income Tax Assessment Regulations 1997 Regulation 960-50.01.

Reasons for decision

Summary

An amount of the payment transferred from the foreign Fund to your client's Australian superannuation fund is assessable as the applicable fund earnings.

Detailed reasoning

Lump sum payments from foreign superannuation funds

The applicable fund earnings in relation to a lump sum payment (LSP) from a foreign superannuation fund that is transferred or received more than six months after a person has become an Australian resident will be assessable under section 305-70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997).

The applicable fund earnings is subject to tax at the person's marginal rate. The remainder of the LSP is not assessable income and is not exempt income.

The applicable fund earnings is the amount worked out under either subsection 305-75(2) or subsection 305-75(3) of the ITAA 1997. Subsection 305-75(2) applies where the person was an Australian resident at all times during the period to which the lump sum relates. Subsection 305-75(3) applies where the person becomes an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates.

Before determining whether an amount is assessable under section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997, it is necessary to ascertain whether the payment is being made from a foreign superannuation fund. If the entity making the payment is not a foreign superannuation fund then section 305-70 will not have any application.

Foreign superannuation fund

A foreign superannuation fund is defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 as follows:

(a) a superannuation fund is a foreign superannuation fund at a time if the fund is not an Australian superannuation fund at that time; and

(b) a superannuation fund is a foreign superannuation fund for an income year if the fund is not an Australian superannuation fund for the income year.

Subsection 295-95(2) of the ITAA 1997 defines an Australian superannuation fund as follows:

A superannuation fund is an Australian superannuation fund at a time, and for the income year in which that time occurs, if:

(a) the fund was established in Australia, or any asset of the fund is situated in Australia at that time; and

(b) at that time, the central management and control of the fund is ordinarily in Australia; and

(c) at that time either the fund had no member covered by subsection (3) (an active member) or at least 50% of:

(i) the total market value of the fund's assets attributable to superannuation interests held by active members; or

(ii) the sum of the amounts that would be payable to or in respect of active members if they voluntarily ceased to be members;

is attributable to superannuation interests held by active members who are Australian residents.

Thus, a superannuation fund that is established outside of Australia and has its central management and control outside of Australia would qualify as a foreign superannuation fund. The fact that some of its members may be Australian residents would not necessarily alter this.

Superannuation fund

'Superannuation fund' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 as having the meaning given by section 10 of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA).

Subsection 10(1) of the SISA provides that:

superannuation fund means:

(a) a fund that:

(i) is an indefinitely continuing fund; and

(ii) is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; or

(b) a public sector superannuation scheme.

Provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund

The High Court examined both the terms superannuation fund and fund in Scott v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (No. 2) (1966) 10 AITR 290; (1966) 40 ALJR 265; (1966) 14 ATD 333 (Scott). In that case, Justice Windeyer stated:

…I have come to the conclusion that there is no essential single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. In this connexion "fund", I take it, ordinarily means money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income therefrom being capitalised. I do not put this forward as a definition, but rather as a general description.

The issue of what constitutes a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund was discussed by the Full Bench of the High Court in Mahony v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967) 14 ATD 519 (Mahony). In that case, Justice Kitto held that a fund had to exclusively be a 'provident, benefit or superannuation fund' and that 'connoted a purpose narrower than the purpose of conferring benefits in a completely general sense…'. This narrower purpose meant that the benefits had to be 'characterised by some specific future purpose' such as the example given by Justice Kitto of a funeral benefit.

Furthermore, Justice Kitto's judgement indicated that a fund does not satisfy any of the three provisions, that is, 'provident, benefit or superannuation fund', if there exist provisions for the payment of benefits 'for any other reason whatsoever'. In other words, though a fund may contain provisions for retirement purposes, it could not be accepted as a superannuation fund if it contained provisions that benefits could be paid in circumstances other than those relating to retirement.

In section 62 of the SISA, a regulated superannuation fund must be 'maintained solely' for the 'core purposes' of providing benefits to a member when the events occur:

· on or after retirement from gainful employment; or

· attaining a prescribed age; and

· on the member's death (this may require the benefits being passed on to a member's dependants or legal representative).

Notwithstanding the SISA applies only to 'regulated superannuation funds' (as defined in section 19 of the SISA), and foreign superannuation funds do not qualify as regulated superannuation funds as they are established and operate outside Australia, the Commissioner views the SISA (and its attendant regulations) as providing guidance as to what 'benefit' or 'specific future purpose' a superannuation fund should provide.

In view of the legislation and the decisions made in Scott and Mahony, the Commissioner's view is that for a fund to be classified as a superannuation fund, it must exclusively provide a narrow range of benefits that are characterised by some specific future purpose. That is, the payment of superannuation benefits upon retirement, invalidity or death of the individual or as specified under the SISA.

Therefore, in order for a LSP to be considered a payment from a foreign superannuation fund as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997, it must also satisfy the requirements set out in subsection 295-95(2). This means that it should not be an Australian superannuation fund as defined in that subsection but must be a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund as discussed above.

The purpose of the Fund

In the present case it is evident that the foreign Fund established overseas is not an Australian superannuation fund as defined in subsection 295-95(2) of the ITAA 1997.

The information provided in relation to the foreign Fund indicates benefits are only paid on retirement and the foreign Fund would meet the definition of superannuation fund. In addition, it is clear the payer of the lump sum payment is established outside of Australia with its central management and control outside of Australia.

Therefore, on the basis of the information provided, the Commissioner considers the lump sum payment your client received is from a foreign superannuation fund as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997.

Applicable fund earnings

Your client became a resident of Australia for tax purposes some years ago and the lump sum payment was made from the foreign Fund in the relevant financial year. As this payment was made more than six months after your client became an Australian resident section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997 applies to include the 'applicable fund earnings' (if any) in your client's assessable income.

The 'applicable fund earnings' are worked out under section 305-75 of the ITAA 1997. As mentioned earlier, subsection 305-75(3) applies where the person becomes an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates.

The amount included as assessable income, and taxed at marginal rates of tax, is worked out under subsection 305-75(3) of the ITAA 1997 because your client became an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates.

Subsection 305-75(3) of the ITAA 1997 states:

If you become an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates (but before you received it) the amount of your applicable fund earnings is the amount (not less than zero) worked out as follows:

(a) work out the total of the following amounts:

(i) the amount in the fund that was vested in you just before the day (the start day) you first became an Australian resident during the period;

(ii) the part of the payment that is attributable to contributions to the fund made by or in respect of you during the remainder of the period;

(iii) the part of the payment (if any) that is attributable to amounts transferred into the fund from any other foreign superannuation fund during the remainder of the period;

(b) subtract that total amount from the amount in the fund that was vested in you when the lump sum was paid (before any deduction for foreign tax);

(c) multiply the resulting amount by the proportion of the total days during the period when you were an Australian resident;

(d) add the total of all previously exempt fund earnings (if any) covered by subsections (5) and (6).

In short, your client is assessed only on the income earned (the accretion) in respect of the foreign Fund less any contributions your client made since your client became a resident of Australia.

Further, any amounts representative of earnings during periods of non-residency, and transfers into the paying fund do not form part of the taxable amount when the overseas benefits are paid.

Foreign currency conversion

Subsection 960-50(1) of the ITAA 1997 states that an amount in a foreign currency is to be translated into Australian Dollars (AUD). The applicable fund earnings is the result of a calculation from two other amounts, and subsection 960-50(4) requires that when applying section 960-50 to amounts that are elements in the calculation of another amount, one needs to:

· first, translate any amounts that are elements in the calculation of other amounts (except special accrual amounts); and

· then, calculate the other amounts.

For the purposes of section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997, the applicable fund earnings should be calculated by:

· translating the lump sum payment received from the relevant pension plan at the exchange rate applicable on the day of receipt to AUD; and

· deducting from this amount the AUD equivalent of the payment vested in the relevant pension plan at the exchange rate applicable on the day just before the residency date.

The exchange rates used in the calculation are those published on the ATO website.

Amounts to be used in calculation

305-75(3)(a)(i):

The value of the benefit in the foreign Fund on the day before your client became a resident of Australia is converted into Australian dollars at the exchange rate that applied on that day.

305-75(3)(a)(ii):

From the facts provided no contributions have been made to the foreign Fund since your client migrated to Australia. Therefore the value for this calculation is nil.

305-75(3)(a)(iii):

There have been no transfers into the foreign Fund from other foreign pension schemes by your client since becoming a resident of Australia. Therefore the value for this calculation is nil.

305-75(3)(b):

During the relevant income year, your client's benefits in the foreign Fund were transferred directly into a complying Australian superannuation fund. Therefore this is the amount vested in your client when the lump sum was paid. This is converted into Australian dollars at the exchange rate that applied on the day of the transfer.

305-75(3)(c):

'The period' for the purposes of paragraph 305-75(3)(c) of the ITAA 1997 commences on the day on which the person first became an Australian resident and ceases on the day the lump sum is paid. Your client was a resident for the whole of those periods. Therefore, the Australian resident days and the total days are the same, and so the proportion to be used in the calculation is 1.

305-75(3)(d):

There are no previously exempt fund earnings in relation to any of the lump sums. Therefore the value for this calculation is nil.

Calculation of the assessable amount of the payment from Pension Fund 

In accordance with subsection 305-75 (3) of the ITAA 1997 the amounts determined at sub-paragraphs 305-75(3)(a)(i), (ii) and (iii) are added.

This total is then subtracted from the amount determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(b).

This figure is multiplied by the proportion of the total days determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(c).

To this figure we add the amounts determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(d).

The result of the above calculation is the amount of the lump sum payment from the foreign Fund will be included as assessable 'applicable fund earnings' in your client's tax return for the relevant income year.