Edited version of your private ruling

Authorisation Number: 1012552637584

Ruling

Subject: Sovereign immunity

Is the portfolio interest, dividend and fund payment income derived by the foreign government entity through its investment in a MIT and a Trust exempt from Australian income tax including withholding tax pursuant to the doctrine of sovereign immunity?

Answer

Yes

This ruling applies for the following periods:

Year ended 30 June 2014

Year ended 30 June 2015

Year ended 30 June 2016

Year ended 30 June 2017

Year ended 30 June 2018

The scheme commenced on:

1 July 2013

Relevant facts and circumstances

1. The non-resident entity is a separate entity of a foreign state.

2. The non-resident entity has several Australian investments.

3. The Australian investments comprise of investments in MITs and unit trusts.

4. The Australian investments may be held for a period of several years

5. The non-resident entity is not represented on any board of directors of the corporations in which it has invested.

6. The non-resident entity does not have influence in operating the businesses in which it has invested.

7. The non-resident entity derives income from its Australian investments.

8. Income received by the non-resident entity from the Australian investments is distributed annually by the non-resident entity to its foreign government.

Relevant legislative provisions

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 128B(1),

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 128B(2),

Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 995-1(1),

Taxation Administration Act 1953 section 359-5 of Schedule 1, and

Taxation Administration Act 1953 section 359-35 of Schedule 1.

Reasons for decision

Question

Is the non-resident entity subject to income tax including withholding tax in respect of income derived in Australia?

Detailed reasoning

Liability to withholding tax

A non-resident that derives income from a resident of Australia is liable to tax unless an exclusion applies. However, if the non-resident is a foreign state or a separate entity of a foreign state, then consideration needs to be given to the common law doctrine of sovereign immunity.

Sovereign immunity background

The Foreign States Immunities Act 1985 (Immunities Act) is an Australian Commonwealth Act which reflects a more restrictive view of the common law doctrine of sovereign immunity.

It has been long-standing practice for the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to follow the principles delineated in the Immunities Act to apply the more restrictive view of the doctrine of sovereign immunity when considering taxation matters.

Pursuant to this approach, an entity claiming sovereign immunity must satisfy three conditions:

1. the entity must be a foreign state, or a separate entity of a foreign state

2. the scheme to which the claim applies must not be a commercial transaction, and

3. the monies being invested in the scheme are and will remain government monies.

If these three conditions are satisfied, it has been the long-standing practice of the ATO to not impose the entity's liability to income tax including withholding tax the basis that the entity has satisfied the common law doctrine of sovereign immunity.

Condition 1: a 'foreign state' or 'separate entity' of a foreign state

A claim for sovereign immunity may only be made by a 'foreign state' (section 9 of the Immunities Act).

A foreign state is defined in section 3 of the Immunities Act to be a country outside of Australia that is either:

• an independent sovereign state, or
• a separate territory (whether or not it is self-governing) that is not part of an independent sovereign state.

Sovereign immunity also extends to a 'separate entity' of a foreign state pursuant to section 22 of the Immunities Act.

A separate entity of a foreign state is defined in section 3 of the Immunities Act to be a natural person, body corporate or corporation sole that:

• is an agency or instrumentality of the foreign state, and
• is not a department or organ of the executive government of the foreign state.

The Full Federal Court Decision in PT Garuda Indonesia Ltd v. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2011] FCAFC 52 considered when an entity may be an agency or instrumentality of the foreign state.

The court decided (at paragraph 128), that the correct approach is to consider, on the whole of the evidence, whether the person is acting for, or being used by, the foreign state as its means to achieve some purpose or end of that state in the relevant circumstances.

Is the non-resident entity a 'foreign state' or 'separate entity' of a foreign state?

In carrying out its duties, the non-resident entity may be considered to be an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state and consequently a separate entity of a foreign state.

Condition 2: commercial transaction

Under section 11 of the Immunities Act, a foreign state does not enjoy sovereign immunity in so far as the proceeding concerns a commercial transaction.

As suggested by the High Court in the PT Garuda Case at paragraph 5, the necessity for sovereign immunity to be excluded from commercial transactions came about as a result of governments increasingly becoming engaged in various commercial activities and that immunity of governments involved in commercial activities was inconsistent with international law and it was undesirable.

As a result, Australia accepts that foreign states performing only governmental functions, rather than undertaking commercial transactions, may claim sovereign immunity.

This approach is consistent with the decision of the British House of Lords in I Congreso del Partido [1981] 2 All ER 1064, where it was held that activities of a trading, commercial or other private law character were not governmental functions.

Whether an operation or activity is a commercial transaction will depend on the facts of each particular case. As a guide, a commercial transaction is generally an activity concerned with the trading of goods and services, such as buying, selling, bartering and transportation, and includes the carrying on of a business.

Are the non-resident entity's investments commercial transactions?

The long term nature of the non-resident entity's investments and the lack of representation and influence in the businesses in which it invests illustrate the passive nature of the investments.

Therefore, the scheme to which the non-resident entity's claim for sovereign immunity applies is not a commercial transaction.

Condition 3: monies are and will remain government monies

In line with the principle that sovereign immunity applies to foreign states performing only governmental functions, an entity claiming sovereign immunity must establish that the monies being invested in the scheme are and will remain government monies.

The monies that are invested by the non-resident entity are and will remain government monies.

Conclusion

Since the three conditions are satisfied, the non-resident entity's claim for sovereign immunity on its Australian investments has been established. In line with long-standing practice, the ATO will not impose liability to income tax including withholding tax in respect of the income received from the non-resident entity's Australian investments.